Center of Excellence in Medicine and Pharmacy „Raisa Pacalo”

Fractures
Diseases of the Skeletal System
The skeletal system consists of bones and
connective tissue.

It is the rigid framework of conected bones

that gives form to the body. The study of
bones is called osteology.

It consists of 206 bones.

Your skeletal system has many functions, including:
1. providing support for the body;
2. protecting internal tissues and organs from damage;
3. acting as a framework for attached muscles;
4. allowing movement of limbs;
5. producing new red and white blood cells;
6. storing fat and minerals, such as calcium and
phosphorus.
Classification of Bones on the Basis of Shape
Causes of the skeletal fractures
-bad fall of car accident;
-weaker bones and greater risk of falling;
-stress fractures, which result from repeated stresses and
strains, commonly found among professional sports
people, are also common causes of fractures;
-people with underlying illnesses and conditions that may
weaken their bones have a higher risk of fractures;
-patients with osteoporosis, infection, or a tumor;
-children, who tend to have more physically active
lifestyles than adults, are also prone to fractures.
 Methods of fractures prevention
-Nutrition and sunlight-the human body needs adequate
supplies of calcium for healthy bones.
-Our body needs vitamin D to absorb calcium-exposure to
sunlight, as well as eating eggs and oily fish are good ways of
getting vitamin D.
-Physical activity-the more weight-bearing exercises we do,
the stronger and denser our bones will be (skipping, walking,
running, dancing-any exercise where the body pulls on the
skeleton).
Calcium is an essential mineral in order to build
up the strength of the bones.
– Food sources include milk, cheese, most dairy
products.
Phosphorus combines with calcium to give bones
their rigidity.
– Food sources include milk, peas, liver, cottage
cheese, broccoli, and whole grains.
– Vitamin D is essential for maintaining healthy
bones and teeth.
 Fractures
A fracture is any break or rupture in a bone.
Severe force can cause a fracture in almost
any bone.
There are 4 general classifications of
fractures and a number of more specific
classifications:
1. Simple – the bone is broken but there is no
break in the skin.
2. Compound – the skin over the fracture has been
punctured or torn or another organ is also damaged.

3. Comminuted – the bone is fractured in one or

more places, is splintered or crushed.

4. Greenstick – the bone does not break right

through but is only injured one side.
.
compound hairline
 Comminuted fracture
Transverse fracture
Recognize the fractures
 Questions
1. What provides the skeletal system?
2. What are the 3 things make up the skeletal
system?
3. What are the 5 main functions of the skeletal
system?
4. What helps the skeletal system?
5. What are the two main components of the
skeletal system?
6. What are the 4 types of bones?
7. What is the most important part of skeletal
system?
 Skeletal Disorders
Arthritis- inflammation of the joints

Osteoporosis

Bone mass and bone

strength decrease. As a
result, bones become dotted
with pits and pores, weak
and fragile, and break
easily.
 Rickets
Childhood disorder involving
softening and weakening of the
bones.
It is primarily caused by lack
of vitamin D, calcium, or
phosphate.
 Osteomyelitis
Infection of bone or bone marrow, usually caused by bacteria.
Osteomyelitis is caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The
infective process encompasses all of the bone components,
including the bone marrow. Pus is produced within the bone,
which may result in an abscess
which then deprives the bone of its blood supply.
 Osteosarcoma
The most common type of malignant bone cancer,
accounting for 35% of primary bone malignancies.
Usually occurs in the area where the body of cartilage
(that separates the epiphyses and the
diaphysis) of tubular long bones is located.
50% of cases occur around the knee.
 Questions
1. What is the cause of osteoporosis and
treatment?
2. What is arthritis?
3. Where is osteosarcoma found?
4. What are the complications of osteomyelitis?
5. What happens if rickets is left untreated?
6. How will you help a person who has broken
his arm bone?
7. How long does an arm injury take to heal?