Chapter 1 - IT Infrastructure and Emerging Tech

Computer Application In Management
STID 1103
Chapter 1
I T Infrastructure and Emerging
Technologies
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Learning Objectives
What is I T infrastructure,
What are the What are the current
and what are the stages
components of I T trends in computer
and drivers of I T
infrastructure? hardware platforms?
infrastructure evolution?
What are the current What are the current

computer software contemporary hardware
platforms and trends? platform?
Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Defining IT Infrastructure
Set of physical devices and software required to operate an

enterprise
Set of firm-wide services including:
• Computing platforms providing computing services

• Physical facilities management services
• I T management, education, and other services
“Service platform” perspective
• More accurate view of value of investments

• What is IT infrastructure? 2minits
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UFQXNiHSXjg
• IT infrastructure video 6mnts
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RhSfQqmp-9Q
• Introduction to IT infrastructure 60minits
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6zJi8CU7Tk
Figure 1.1 Connection Between the
Firm, IT Infrastructure, and Business
Capabilities
Evolution of IT Infrastructure
• General-purpose mainframe and minicomputer era: 1959
to present
• Personal computer era: 1981 to present
• Client/server era: 1983 to present
• Enterprise computing era: 1992 to present
• Cloud and mobile computing: 2000 to present
• IT infrastructure Evolution 6mnt
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=seavKppAOoY
Figure 1.2 Stages in IT Infrastructure Evolution
Figure 1.3 A Multitiered (N-Tier)
Client/Server Network
Technology Drivers of Infrastructure Evolution (1 of 2)
Moore’s law and microprocessing power
• Computing power doubles every 2 years

• Nanotechnology
• Moore’s Law 3 mnts
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aWLBmapcJRU
Law of Mass Digital Storage
• The amount of data being stored each year doubles
Metcalfe’s Law and network economics
• Value or power of a network grows exponentially as a function of the

number of network members.
• Network theory 4mnts
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eM1KaaTez0A
Technology Drivers of Infrastructure Evolution (2 of 2)
Declining communication costs and the

Internet
• Exponential growth in size of the Internet
Standards and network effects
• Technology standards
• Specifications that establish the compatibility of
products and the ability to communicate in a
network
• Unleash powerful economies of scale and result
in price declines
Figure 5.4 Moore’s Law and
Microprocessor Performance
Figure 1.5 Falling Cost of Chips
Figure 1.6 The Amount of Storage Per
Dollar Rises Exponentially, 1950–
2016
Figure 1.7 Exponential Declines in
Internet Communications Costs
($/MBP S)
What Are the Components of IT Infrastructure?
Computer hardware platforms
Operating system platforms
Enterprise software applications
Data management and storage
Networking/telecommunications platforms
Internet platforms
Consulting system integration services
IT Infrastructure Component 5 mnts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_N1jjPepM4&list=TLPQMDUwMjIwMjBZAPjtX9BZCA&index=1
Figure 1.8 The IT Infrastructure
Ecosystem
Computer Hardware Platforms
Client • Desktop P C s, laptops

• Mobile computing: smartphones, tablets
machines • Desktop chips vs. mobile chips
Servers • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjCDWCeHCzY
• I B M mainframe
Mainframes
• Digital workhorse for banking and telecommunications networks
• Servers vs Desktop PCs as Fast As Possible 5mnts
• https://youtu.be/ByI1PHMcPJQ
Operating System Platforms
Corporate servers
• Windows Server
• Unix
• Linux
Client level
• Microsoft Windows
• Android, i O S, Windows 10 (mobile/multitouch)
• Google’s Chrome O S (cloud computing)
• Computer Basics: Understanding Operating Systems
3mnts
• https://youtu.be/pTdSs8kQqSA
Enterprise Software Applications
• In 2018, firms spend $389 billion on software for enterprise
applications
• Largest providers: SAP and Oracle
• Middleware providers: I B M, Oracle
• Hardware and Software 4mnts

• https://youtu.be/wwnQ9_PIYeU
• Type of software
• https://youtu.be/HkQKTkw6-Rw
How Computers Work: Hardware and Software 6mnts
https://youtu.be/xnyFYiK2rSY
• Why Do Computers Use 1s and 0s? Binary and Transistors Explained. 6mnts
• https://youtu.be/Xpk67YzOn5w
What Are the Current Trends in Computer Hardware Platforms? (1
of 6)
The mobile digital platform
• Smartphones
• Netbooks
• Tablet computers
• Digital e-book readers and apps (Kindle)
• Wearable devices
Consumerization of I T and B Y O D (bring

your own device)
• Forces businesses and I T departments to rethink how I T
equipment and services are acquired and managed
• Trends in Computer Hardware Platforms 3mnts
• https://youtu.be/4QMKTji465c
of 6)
Quantum computing
• Uses quantum physics to represent and operate on data

• Dramatic increases in computing speed
Virtualization
• Allows single physical resource to act as multiple

resources (i.e., run multiple instances of O S)
• Reduces hardware and power expenditures
• Facilitates hardware centralization
• Software-defined storage (S D S)
What Are the Current Trends in
Computer Hardware Platforms? (3 of 6)
• Cloud computing
– On-demand computing services obtained over network
 Infrastructure as a service (I aaS)
 Software as a service (SaaS)
 Platform as a service (PaaS)
– Cloud can be public or private
– Allows companies to minimize IT investments
– Drawbacks: Concerns of security, reliability
– Hybrid cloud computing model
– What is Cloud Computing? 5mnts
– https://youtu.be/dH0yz-Osy54?list=TLPQMDUwMjIwMjAfovLDTxZw1g
• Edge computing
– Servers at the edge of the Internet
– Reducing latency, and network traffic
– What is edge computing? 2mnts
– https://youtu.be/2EfbQGByq2I?list=TLPQMDUwMjIwMjAfovLDTxZw1g
• Grid computing is a distributed architecture of large

numbers of computers connected to solve a complex
problem. In the grid computing model, servers or
personal computers run independent tasks and are loosely
linked by the Internet or low-speed networks.
Computers may connect directly or via scheduling systems
•difference between cloud computing and grid computing 4mnts
•https://youtu.be/XvkhMxlwsww?list=TLPQMDUwMjIwMjAfovLDTxZw1g
Figure 1.9 Cloud Computing Platform
of 6)
Green computing (Green I T )
• Practices and technologies for manufacturing, using, disposing

of computing and networking hardware
• Reducing power consumption a high priority
• Data centers
• Green Computing 3mnts
• https://youtu.be/z8uBDl4GLbM
High performance, power-saving processors
• Multicore processors
• https://youtu.be/-aeac_9b6FA?list=TLPQMDUwMjIwMjBS6BBl
GPP-zw
• Power-efficient microprocessors
• Autonomic computing (also known as AC) refers to the
self-managing characteristics of distributed
computing resources, adapting to unpredictable changes
while hiding intrinsic complexity to operators and users.
• Autonomic Computing 2nts
• https://youtu.be/EXHPPsNFEdM
• Trends in Computer Software Platforms 3mnts
• https://youtu.be/NAGIp_OD_9U
• Top 10 Technologies To Learn In 2020 | Trending Technologies In 2020 | Top IT Technologies | Edureka 10 mnts
• https://youtu.be/s6LrBex9NPA?list=TLPQMDUwMjIwMjAfovLDTxZw1g

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Computer Application In Management

Slide in this Presentation Contain Hyperlinks.

What are the current What are the current

Set of physical devices and software required to operate an

Set of firm-wide services including:

• Computing platforms providing computing services

“Service platform” perspective

• More accurate view of value of investments

• IT infrastructure Evolution 6mnt

Moore’s law and microprocessing power

• Computing power doubles every 2 years

Law of Mass Digital Storage

• The amount of data being stored each year doubles

Metcalfe’s Law and network economics

• Value or power of a network grows exponentially as a function of the

Declining communication costs and the

Standards and network effects

Computer hardware platforms

Operating system platforms

Enterprise software applications

Data management and storage

Consulting system integration services

IT Infrastructure Component 5 mnts

Client • Desktop P C s, laptops

machines • Desktop chips vs. mobile chips

• Hardware and Software 4mnts

The mobile digital platform

Consumerization of I T and B Y O D (bring

• Uses quantum physics to represent and operate on data

• Allows single physical resource to act as multiple

• Grid computing is a distributed architecture of large

Green computing (Green I T )

• Practices and technologies for manufacturing, using, disposing

High performance, power-saving processors

• Trends in Computer Software Platforms 3mnts

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