GROUP 4 POWER

OINT PRESENTATION
LEGAL,ETHICAL,
SOCIETAL ISSUES
IN MEDIA AND
INFORMATION
 COPYRIGTH
A legal device that grants the sole right to publish
and sell a literary, artistic, musical, or other
creative work to its creator. Copyright holders
have the right to control the reproduction of their
work, including the right to be paid for it. An
author may grant or sell those rights to third
parties, such as publishers or record labels.
Infringement is the violation of a copyright.
 FAIR USE
Is a legal concept that allows the
reproduction of copyrighted material for
specific purposes without the need for
permission or payment of a fee. Fair use
is generally permitted for purposes such
as review, news reporting, teaching, or
scholarly research
 PLAGIARISM

The act or instance of using or

closely imitating another author's
language and thoughts without
authorization; the representation of
that author's work as one's own, as
by failing to credit the original.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Intellectual property refers to mental
creations. An invention (patent /
utility model), a design (industrial
design), a brand name (trademark),
or a literary and artistic work
(copyright) are all examples of
intellectual property.
 1ST EXAMPLE

PATENTS
A patent is a monopoly granted for
a new, inventive, and useful
product. It could be a new product,
process, or technical improvement
to an existing invention.
 2ND EXAMPLE

THE TELEPHONE
The first telephone was invented
and patented by Alexander
Graham Bell in 1876. Bell went on
to cofound the American Telephone
& Telegraph Company (AT&T).
Later , the company expanded
to control all telecommunications
and become the world’s most
significant in the industry and is
an industry behemoth today.
Alexander Graham Bell
 3rd EXAMPLE

UTILITY MODEL
Utility models, like inventions, are
an exclusive right granted for an
invention, but they do not require
the inclusion of an inventive step
to be protected.
 4TH EXAMPLE

INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
A three-dimensional feature,
such as the shape or surface of
an article, or a two-dimensional
feature, such as patterns, lines,
or color, comprise an industrial
design.
 5TH EXAMPLE

TRADEMARK
A trademark is a word, phrase,
sign, symbol, or logo that
distinguishes your company's
goods or services from those
of other businesses
 COPYRIGTH

Literary and artistic works, such as

books and other writings, musical
works, films, paintings and other
works, and computer programs,
are all protected by copyright.
 FAIR USE GUDELINES
The term "fair use" refers to the permissible use
of copyrighted materials without obtaining
specific permission from the copyright holder(s).
In general, fair use is granted for the purposes
of commentary, criticism, research, teaching,
and scholarship. It is important to note that this
does not imply that scholars and educators are
completely immune from copyright law.
Section 107 of Title 17 includes a list of the
various purposes for which reproduction of
a specific work may be considered "fair,"
including criticism, comment, news
reporting, teaching, scholarship, and
research. Section 107 also specifies four
factors to consider when determining
whether or not a specific use is fair:
First First
Factor:
Factor:
Purpose and and
Purpose
Character of the
Character of
Use the Use
Nonprofit, educational, and personal uses
are generally favored fair uses while
commercial uses are less likely to be
deemed fair use. Transformative uses, which
result in the creation of a new work, are
favored as fair uses over uses that merely
reproduce an original work. The more
transformative a particular use is, the less
significant the other factors will be as they
weigh against fair use.
Second Factor:
The Nature of the
First Factor:
Purpose
Copyrighted and
Character of
Work the Use
Factual works, published works, and factual
scientific articles are more likely to be considered
fair use than creative, imaginative, artistic, or
unpublished works. Furthermore, certain
"consumable" works, such as workbooks and
standardized tests, are unlikely to be considered
fair use.
Third Factor:
Amount
Firstand
Factor:
Purpose and
Substantiality of
Character of
the Portion
the Use Used
The statute does not specify how much of a work
may be used under fair use, but the implication is
that use of only a small portion of a work is less
likely to be considered a fair use. In some cases,
use of the entire work may be appropriate and
allowable as a fair use if it is necessary to
accomplish the purpose. Amount and
substantiality is also a qualitative measure and at
times use of even a small portion may be
considered too much if it is considered to be the
"heart of the work."
Fourth Factor:
EffectFirst
on the
Factor:
Purpose and
Potential Market for
Character of
or Value of
the Use
the Work
The consideration for this factor is whether
or not there is some economic harm to the
owner of the copyright as a result of your
use. Courts have established the
availability of permissions or licenses as
one of the potential values for copyrighted
works, but this factor alone cannot
determine whether or not a use is fair.
Market effects are the fourth factor, and
if the first three factors weigh in favor of
fair use, market harm should carry less
weight. Conversely, if they are tipping
the balance in favor of permission,
market harm will carry more weight in
the balancing of the factors.
THANKS