UNDANG-

UNDANG SYARIAH
DAN SIVIL
PERBEZAAN DAN PERBANDINGAN

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KANDUNGAN:
1) TAKRIF DAN SUMBER
2) SEJARAH DI BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
3) BAHAGIAN MAHKAMAH SYARIAH DAN SIVIL
4) BIDANG KUASA MAHKAMAH SYARIAH DAN SIVIL
5) HUKUMAN MAHKAMAH SYARIAH DAN SIVIL
6) NEGARA-NEGARA YANG MENERAPKAN HUKUM SYARIAH DAN SIVIL
7) KESIMPULAN

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PENGENALAN
■ Penulis sejarah undang-undang Islam (Ali Sais, Muhammad Salam Madkur, Abdul
Rahman Al-Sabbuni) membahagikan undang-undang kepada dua bahagian:
– Al-Tashrie Al-Samawi
– Al-Tashrie Al-Wadie
(Ref: Abdul Rahman al-Sabbuni, Al-Madkhal Al-Fiqhi Maktabah Wahbah, Mesir 1983, hal: 11-15)

“Al-Tashrie Al-Samawi” “Al-Tashrie Al-Wadie”

Undang-undang yang bersumberkan wahyu Undang-undang ciptaan manusia sama ada
Allah (SWT) seperti undang-undang Islam ianya di dalam bentuk undang-undang yang
bertulis ataupun tidak, seperti undang-undang
adat
(legislation, parliament, customary law)

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TAKRIF DAN SUMBER
UNDANG-UNDANG SYARIAH DAN SIVIL

SYARIAH SIVIL
■ Undang-undang berdasarkan wahyu ■ Undang-undang awam berdasarkan
Allah (SWT) undang-undang ciptaan manusia

■ Unsur utama: Al-Quran ■ Tertakluk kepada perundangan negara dan

‘case law’
■ Unsur kedua: Sunnah dari Nabi
■ Di Brunei, jika ada kes mana
Muhammad (SAW) perundangan kita berkurangan,
■ Unsur ketiga: Ijma ‘Application of Laws Act’ Brunei
memperuntukkan kami merujuk kepada
■ Unsur keempat: Qiyas perundangan UK asalkan undang-undang
itu telah berkuatkuasa sejak 25 April 1951
■ Unsur kelima: Istihasan

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 HUKUMAN MAHKAMAH
UNDANG-UNDANG SYARIAH DAN SIVIL

SYARIAH SIVIL
■ HADD ■ Hukuman penjara/penahanan
■ QISAS ■ ‘Community Orders’
■ DIYAT ■ Denda
■ ARSY ■ Pelepasan tanpa syarat/bersyarat
■ BADAL AL-SULH ■ Hukuman sampingan
■ TA’ZIR ... dan sebagainya

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HUKUMAN MAHKAMAH SYARIAH
HADD Punishment as ordained by the Quran and Hadith. Punishment by hadd in this
world releases the perpetrator from being punished in the Hereafter.

QISAS Deals with punishments for intentional crimes against life and bodily integrity. The
enforcement is aimed at restoring equality, therefore can only be demanded by the
victim or the victim’s legal guardian.
DIYAT Financial compensation for crimes against life and bodily integrity. The amount of
compensation usually depends on the percentage of responsibility of the perpetrator and
the religion of the victim. Paid to the heirs of the victim.
ARSY Punishment by financial compensation paid to the victim.

BADAL This is punishment by mutually agreed compensation according to Hukum Syara’.

AL-
SULH
TA’ZIR Deals with offences mentioned in the Quran or the Sunnah, or that of the same nature as
hudud offence. These are punishments as ordained by His Majesty.

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 HUKUMAN MAHKAMAH
MUSLIM DAN NON-MUSLIM DI BRUNEI (1)
■ Civil Law punishment applies to both muslims and non-muslims, except where muslims
are required to be tried under Syariah Law.
■ Syariah Law is applicable to Muslims only, and not to non-Muslims, except when the
following offences are committed:
– Sariqah (theft)
– Hirabah (robbery)
– Qatl (causing death)
– Causing hurt
– Contempt of Nabi Muhammad (SAW)
– Deriding, etc. verses of the Quran or Hadith
– Indecent behaviour
– Disrespecting Ramadhan

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 HUKUMAN MAHKAMAH
MUSLIM DAN NON-MUSLIM DI BRUNEI (2)

■ Below are the offences which circumstantially apply to non-Muslims:

– Zina (adultery) if committed with a Muslim
– Drinking intoxicating liquor in public places
– Khalwat (close proximity) if committed with a Muslim

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OFFENCES
and its punishments

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 HADD
OFFENCES HUKUMAN SYARIAH HUKUMAN SIVIL
SARIQAH Amputation of the hand Fine, imprisonment or both

HIRABAH Death/cross amputation of the Imprisonment and whipping

hand and foot/qisas/arsy
ZINA Muhsan:
Stoning to death
ZINA BIL-JABAR Whipping and imprisonment
Ghairu Muhsan:
LIWAT Whipping 100 strokes

QAZAF Whipping 80 strokes Fine, imprisonment, whipping

or combination of any two
DRINKING ARAK Whipping 40 strokes Fine, imprisonment or both

IRTIDAD (Muslims sahaja) Death (jika tidak mahu Imprisonment and whipping
bertaubat)

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 QISAS, DIYAT, ARSY & BADAL AL-
OFFENCES SULH
HUKUMAN QISAS, DIYAT,
ARSY OR BADAL AL-SULH
HUKUMAN SIVIL

• Death
• Diyat (no Diyat if offender
Murder with intention was pardoned) Fine, imprisonment or both
• Badal al-sulh if qisas was
compounded
Qathu Syibhil – ‘Amd
(Intention to cause harm which
causes death)
Diyat, fine, or imprisonment Fine, imprisonment or both
Qatlul-Khata’
(Murder without intention)

• Qisas
• Arsy (no Arsy if pardoned)
Causing Hurt Arsy or imprisonment
• Badal al-sulh if qisas was
compounded

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