DETERMINING

TRUTH FROM
OPINION
Group 7
 A. B.
My brother is a selfless My brother gave me
person because he gave the last piece of
me the last piece of bread.
bread even though he
hadn’t eaten yet.
 A. B.
My brother is a selfless My brother gave me
person because he gave the last piece of
me the last piece of bread.
bread even though he
hadn’t eaten yet.
FACT
WHAT ARE FACTS?
A fact is something that is known to have happe
ned or to exist
.
It is an occurrence in the real world, and the usu
al test for a statement of fact is verifiabilit
y.
Facts are often used to check the truth of a state
 A. B.
My brother is a selfless My brother gave me
person because he gave the last piece of
me the last piece of bread.
bread even though he
hadn’t eaten yet.
FACT
OPINION
WHAT ARE OPINIONS?
Opinions are personal beliefs or judgments
about something or someone, typically formed
in the mind. They can be views, judgments, or
appraisals that individuals have on a particular
matter. Opinions can also be thoughts or beliefs
that are not founded on proof or certainty
TOOLS OF
REASONI
 LOGIC AND
CRITICAL
Logic isTHINKING
centered in the analysis and
construction of arguments. Critical
thinking is distinguishing facts and
opinions or personal feelings.
 2 basic types of

REASONING
INDUCTIVE DEDUCTIVE
-basedREASONING
from observations in REASONING
draws conclusion from usually
order to make generalizations. one broad judgement or
This reasoning is often applied definition and one more
in prediction, forecasting or specific assertation, often an
behavior. inference.
 VALIDITY AND
SOUNDNESS
OF AN ARGUMENT
Based on the previous example [or
syllogism], if two premises are
constructed logically, then the
conclusion based on logically, the
deductive argument is valid.
 VALIDITY
comes from a logical
conclusion based on logically
constructed premises, in other
words it is a concern of
argument’s form or
construction.
 STRENGTH OF AN
ARGUMENT
Inductive arguments cannot prove if the premises are true
which will also determine truth of the conclusion. Such
reasoning proves only probable support to the conclusion.
An inductive argument that succeeds in providing such
probable support is a strong argument.
FOR EXAMPLE
Jay: Do you think Congressman Gerry will be
re-elected?
Yna: I doubt it. His district has become more
conservative in recent years. Also, 63% of the
registered voters in his district are in the
Opposition.
FALLACIES
Fallacies are common errors in reasoning
that will undermine the logic of your
argument. Fallacies can be either illegitimate
arguments or irrelevant points, and are often
identified because they lack evidence that
supports their claim.
 REMEMBER:
Factual, undisputed, objective,
universal, exact, and constant are
manifestations of TRUTH. It
implies that it can be proven as
true. Knowledge must be truthful
to gain validity and acceptance.
CONCLUSION
It is a judgment based on
certain facts.
 BELIEFS
Are statements that express
convictions that are not easily
and clearly explained by facts.
EXPLANATION
Makes things more
understandable by providing
details or supporting ideas.
 ARGUMENTS
Are statements that provide
reasons or convince the reader or
listener that an opinion is
truthful.
 THANK
group 7
YOU
ABM St. Daniel