A Use Letters for Numbers

Learning Outcome: Recognise the use of letters to represent quantities that

vary in addition and subtraction calculations

Caz has a machine that can give 6 more jellybeans

than the number of tokens inserted.
How many jellybeans will she get if
she puts 18 tokens into the machine?

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 (a) Paper Cranes
Caz and Ralph take turns to put paper cranes
into two bowls. They put back all the paper
cranes after use each turn.

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 Marshall
Cavendish
Cambridge
Primary Maths
(2nd Edition)
Stage
CHAPTER 5: 6
ADDITION AND
SUBTRACTION

The following
The following content
content has
has not not through
been been through the Cambridge
the Cambridge Assessment
Assessment International
International Education
Education endorsement
endorsement process.
3 process.
© 2022
© 2022 Marshall
Marshall CavendishCavendish
Education. AllEducation.
rights reserved.All rights reserved.
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 (a) Paper Cranes
Let A represent the number
of paper cranes in red bowl.
Let B represent the number
of paper cranes in blue bowl.

What is the relationship between the number of paper cranes in both bowls?

You can write: A + B = 10

A and B can have different values.

For example, if A = 0, B = 10.

If B = 2, what is A? 8
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 (b) Square Grill Pan
The perimeter of the front of the square grill pan is p cm.
Write an equation for its perimeter.

Each side of the square is s cm.

p=s+s+s+s
p = 4s

If s = 10, p = 4 × 10 = 40
If s = 12, p = 48

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 B Add and Subtract Numbers
Learning Outcome: Estimate, add and subtract integers

Which city is hotter on

Monday?
How much colder is City B
compared to City A on
Thursday?

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 B Add and Subtract Numbers

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 (b) Mr Lee’s Bank Statement
Mr Lee's bank statement is shown. How
much did he withdraw in September?

–6 – 10 – 10 – 10 – 10

– 58 – 52 – 42 – 32 – 22 – 12

–12 – (–58) = –12 + 58 = 46

$46 September.
Mr Lee withdrew ____in
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 (a) Temperature in Antarctica
In a month, the average temperature of a particular place in
Antarctica was recorded as –39°C.

A few months later, the temperature is 23°C lower.

What is the new temperature?

New temperature = –39 + (– 23)

= –39 – 23
= –62°C

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 C Add Decimals
Learning Outcome: Estimate and add numbers with the same or different
number of decimal places.

The amount of sugar

in each fruit is shown.

A bunch of A bunch of
Mango Apricot Peach blueberries Pineapple grapes
14.89 g 9.391 g 8.792 g 7.39 g 11.99 g 6.236 g
Caz ate the mango and the bunch of blueberries.
How much sugar did she take in altogether?
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 C Add Decimals

A bunch of A bunch of
Mango Apricot Peach blueberries Pineapple grapes
14.89 g 9.391 g 8.792 g 7.39 g 11.99 g 6.236 g

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 (a) Total Mass of Fruits
What is the total mass of the two fruits?
Add 2.38 kg and 0.525 kg.

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 (a) Total Mass of Fruits

0 5

10 hundredths = 1 tenth 0 hundredths

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 (a) Total Mass of Fruits

9 0 5

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 (a) Total Mass of Fruits

2 9 0 5

2.38 + 0.525 = 2.905

The total mass of the fruits is 2.905 kg.

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 (b) Distance between Two Cities

What is the distance between City A and City D?

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 (b) Distance between Two Cities

1 1 1 1

4 0 4 6 2 8

The distance between City A and City D is 404.628 km.

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 D Subtract Decimals
Learning Outcome: Estimate and subtract numbers with the same or
different number of decimal places.

The amount of sugar in each fruit is shown.

A bunch of A bunch of
Mango Apricot Peach blueberries Pineapple grapes
14.89 g 9.391 g 8.792 g 7.39 g 11.99 g 6.236 g
Caz’s grandma can take at most 40.49 g of sugar in a week. She had taken
in 34.25 g of sugar. What fruit can she eat so that she will not exceed the
recommended amount of sugar intake?
© 2022 Marshall Cavendish Education. All rights reserved. 19
 D Subtract Decimals

A bunch of A bunch of
Mango Apricot Peach blueberries Pineapple grapes
14.89 g 9.391 g 8.792 g 7.39 g 11.99 g 6.236 g

© 2022 Marshall Cavendish Education. All rights reserved. 20

 (a) How much more does the desktop computer
weigh?
How much more does the desktop computer
weigh than the laptop computer?
Subtract 1.524 kg from 5.715 kg.

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 (a) How much more does the desktop computer
weigh?

11

6 11

9 1

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 (a) How much more does the desktop computer
weigh?

6 11

1 9 1

© 2022 Marshall Cavendish Education. All rights reserved. 23

 (a) How much more does the desktop computer
weigh?

6 1

4 1 9 1

5.715 – 1.524 = 4.191

The desktop computer weighs 4.191 kg more than the laptop computer.
© 2022 Marshall Cavendish Education. All rights reserved. 24
 (b) How many fewer points did Stanley score?
In a contest, Shelly scored 84.75 points. Stanley scored 71.636 points.
How many fewer points did Stanley score than Shelly?
To subtract, write 84.75 on top of 71.636 .

4 10

1 3 1 1 4

Stanley scored 13.114 fewer points than Shelly.

© 2022 Marshall Cavendish Education. All rights reserved. 25