A S / A 2 L E V E L B I O L O G Y

B I O R E T R I E VA L
GRID
 Year 12 content – 3
points
Negative feedback
– 2 points
Why is it important that State the role of DNA in Explain the role of the Regulation of blood glucose
blood glucose living cells hypothalamus in and
concentration becomes osmoregulation water potential- 1 point
stable?

Outline the general stages Name the factors that Suggest why separate
involved in negative affect blood glucose negative feedback
feedback. concentration mechanisms control
fluctuations in different
directions.
Why is DNA replication Define negative feedback. How is ATP resynthesized
described as semi- in cells?
conservative?
ORANGE BOX Q&A
• State the role of DNA in living cells
- Base sequence of genes codes and amino acid sequence of polypeptides. Genetic information determines inherited characteristics =
influences structure and function of organisms
. Why is DNA replication described as semi-conservative?
• The double-stranded DNA molecule unwinds, exposing the two complementary strands.
• Each original strand (parental strand) serves as a template for the synthesis of a new, complementary strand. DNA polymerases, the
enzymes responsible for DNA synthesis, use the existing strands as a guide to assemble the new strands.
• The result is two new double-stranded DNA molecules, each consisting of one original (parental) strand and one newly synthesized strand.
. How is ATP resynthesized in cells?
. ATP synthase catalyses condensation reaction between ADP & Pi during photosynthesis and respiration.

.
YELLOW BOX
Q&A
.Why is it important that blood glucose concentration becomes stable?
- Maintain constant blood water potential: prevent osmotic lysis / crenation of cells.
Maintain constant concentration of respiratory substrate: organism maintains constant
level of activity regardless of environmental conditions

. Explain the role of the hypothalamus in osmoregulation.

- Osmosis of water out of osmoreceptors in hypothalamus causes them to shrink. This
triggers hypothalamus to produce more antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

. Name the factors that affect the blood glucose concentration.

- Amount of carbohydrate digested from diet.
- • Rate of glycogenolysis.
- • Rate of gluconeogenesis.
RED BOX Q&A
.Outline the general stages involved in negative feedback.
- Receptors detect deviation coordinator corrective mechanism by effector → receptors detect that
conditions have returned to normal.
.Define negative feedback
- self-regulatory mechanisms return internal environment to optimum when there is a fluctuation.

.Suggest why separate negative feedback mechanisms control fluctuations in different directions.
- Provides more control, especially in case of 'overcorrection', which would lead to a deviation in the
opposite direction from the original one.