Elements, Compounds

and Mixtures
Matter is built up of:
 What is an atom?

H Na Cl

Hydrogen Sodium Chlorine

atom atom atom
Atom:
What is a molecule?
H O
O O
H O

N
Molecule:
What is an ion?
What is an ion?
Ions
Matter
Matter

Pure Impure
substances substances
(Mixtures)
Pure Substances
Pure Substances

Elements Compounds
 CLASSIFICATION OF
MATTER
MATTER
PURE SUBSTANCE IMPURE SUBSTANCE (MIXTURES)

ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS HOMOGENEOUS HETEROGENEOUS

METALS ORGANIC

NON METALS INORGANIC

METALLOIDS

NOBLE
GASES
Elements

An elements is a pure substance which

cannot be broken down into simpler
substances by any physical or chemical
change.
Elements

Noble gas
Metals and non-metals

Vs.
Difference between metals and non metals
Properties Metals Non metals
Lustre Shiny, reflective surface Dull, no metallic luster,
non-reflective
Hardness Hard, except for sodium Soft, except for diamond

Malleability Can be hammered, rolled Brittle

into thin sheets
Ductility Can be drawn into thin Brittle
wires without breaking
Conductors of heat and Good conductor Non- conductor
electricity
Density Dense Less dense than metals

Sonorous Yield a ringing sound Do not produce a ringing

when struck sound when struck, dull
sound
State Solid at room temperature Exist in two states at room
except for mercury temperature, gases
(oxygen) and solids
(carbon)
Metalloids
Metalloids

Antimony Bismuth
Noble gas
● Helium

● Neon

● Argon

● Krypton

● Xenon

● Radon
Compound

H + O + H H O H
Compounds
● Composed of two
or more elements

● Properties are different

from constituent
elements

● Can be broken down

into simple substance by
chemical means
Compounds
Examples of Compounds

Common salt
Benzene methanol

Epsom salt
Elements and Compounds
Elements Compounds

Contains one type of atom Contains different types of atoms

Cannot be broken down into Can be broken down into simple

simple substances by physical or substances by chemical means
chemical means

Has characteristic physical and Has characteristic physical and

chemical properties chemical properties but different
from constituent elements.
Mixtures
Mixtures

Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Mixture Mixture
Homogeneous Mixtures
Hetrogenous Mixtures
Mixtures
Mixtures
Mixture of Type Example

Two solids 1. Homogeneous Alloy

2. Heterogeneous Fe + S

Solid and liquid 1. Homogeneous NaCl in water

2. Heterogeneous Sand and water

Two liquid Water + Alcohol

1. Homogeneous
2. Heterogeneous Petrol + Kerosene
Comparison between
Compounds and Mixtures
Properties Compounds Mixtures
Proportion Combined chemically in Combined physically in
definite proportions indefinite proportions

Nature Combined chemically Combined physically

Particles Two or more atoms Two or more substances

physically combined

Original properties Elements lose their retained their original

properties, exhibit new properties
physical and chemical
properties
Separation Cannot be separated Separated physically,
physically
Solutions
Tyndall effect
Tyndall effect
Colloidal solution
Types of colloidal solution
Common system Dispersed Dispersed phase Examples
medium

Emulsion Liquid Liquid Oil and water

Sol Liquid Solid Ink, paints,

muddy water
Aerosol of solids Gas Solid Smog, dust

Aerosol of liquid Gas Liquid Liquid spray

Clouds
Gel Solid Liquid Jellies
Butter
Cheese
Foam Liquid Gas Shaving cream
foam
Tyndall effect
Suspension
Brownian movement
Brownian movement
Properties True solution Colloidal solution Suspension

Nature Homogenous Heterogeneous Heterogeneous

Appearance Transparent May be transparent Opaque

Filterability Pass through ordinary Pass through Cannot pass

filter paper ordinary filter through ordinary
paper filter paper

Visibility of Invisible Invisible Visible

particle

Settling of Particles do not settle Particles do not Particle settle on

particles settle standing

Scattering of light Do no show tyndall Show tyndall effect Tyndall effect may
effect be shown to some
extent
 Both elements and compounds have a definite makeup and
definite properties.

Elements Compounds Mixtures

substance
only one kind with two or
definite two or more two or more
of atom; atoms
makeup more kinds kinds of substances
are bonded it
and of atoms substance that are
the element
properties that are physically
is diatomic or
bonded mixed
polyatomic

Packard, Jacobs, Marshall, Chemistry Pearson AGS Globe, page (Figure 2.4.1)
 MATTER
yes Can it be physically
no
separated?

MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE

yes Is the composition no yes Can it be chemically no

uniform? decomposed?

Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Mixture Mixture Compound Element
(solution)

Colloids Suspensions

Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem