Mobile Backhauling Solutions

(FTTM)
• FTTM Market Trends
• Backhauling Scenarios
• Clocking Considerations
• Zhone FTTM Products

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL

Mobile Backhauling Solutions (FTTM)

• FTTM Market Trends

• Backhauling Scenarios
• Clocking Considerations
• Zhone FTTM Products

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL

 Smart Phones all requiring more
Bandwidth!

Subscribers are
New Bandwidth Drivers finding new ways
to satisfy their
requirements for
entertainment &
communication!
All require more
bandwidth and
better
throughput!

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL

LTE Rapid Growth Potential Year
over Year

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL

 Why the move to packet
backhaul ?
• Convergence of Internet, Wireless and Broadband redefining the
network requirements.
• Diversification of mobile services
• QoS control, video, location aware services
• IP based platforms provide added flexibility to the operator for
the backhaul technology – Frame Relay, ATM, Metro Ethernet,
E1/DS1
• Delivers higher speeds, shares Node B resources, more seamless
management, cost effective scaling – target “hot spots”
• Reduces CaPEX and OPEX
• MCI, Verizon, Yipes survey showed up to 70% reduction in
backhaul costs using packet based backhaul services compared
to dedicated E1/DS1
• Enhanced Scalability and Mobility support for fast evolution of next
generation wireless networks

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL

Mobile Backhauling Solutions (FTTM)

• FTTM Market Trends

• Backhauling Scenarios
• Clocking Considerations
• Zhone FTTM Products

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL

 Legacy Backhaul Scenario
T1/E1 Backhaul

Base
Station MOBILE DATA TRAFFIC Central
T1/E1 Office
T1/E1 T1/E1
SUBSCRIBER

RAN BS
RAN NC

Today Service Providers pay expensive monthly re-occurring T1/E1 Mobile Backhaul fees
and service charges.
At the same time Mobile Bandwidth requirements are exploding at an overwhelming rate
with new applications and devices like Smart Phones, iPhones and iPads!

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL

 MXK Modular RAN –
Legacy Migration to Fiber
Remote E1 Termination

EDGE MOBILE DATA TRAFFIC CORE

PWE T1/E1
PON

Ethernet ETHERNET
ETHERNET T1/E1
SUBSCRIBER T1/E1 ETHERNET

RAN NC
RAN BS ONT/MDU

COMMON TIMING
SOURCE IEEE1588
Zhone
VOICE • DATA ZNID-GPON-9500
ENTERTAINMENT MDU
- N x GE
- N x E1
- 1588v2
- SyncE Slave per
G.8262/Y.1362
- WiFi (under consideration)

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL

 MXK – Legacy Migration to Fiber
Local E1 Termination

MOBILE DATA TRAFFIC

PWE T1/E1
EDGE
CORE
PON

Ethernet
ETHERNET ETHERNET
T1/E1 T1/E1
SUBSCRIBER

RAN BS ONT/MDU RAN NC

Zhone
VOICE • DATA COMMON TIMING
ZNID-GPON-9500
ENTERTAINMENT SOURCE IEEE1588
MDU
- N x GE
- N x E1
- 1588v2
- SyncE Slave per
G.8262/Y.1362
- WiFi (under consideration)

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL

 FTTM Solution Cell Site 1U MDU

Zhone MXK
OLT
Zhone
ZNID-GPON-9500
MDU
FTTx

- N x GE
- N x E1
- 1588v2
- SyncE Slave per
G.8262/Y.1362
- WiFi (under consideration)

Enterprise Network

11/08/23 Zhone Confidential

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL 10
 FTTM Solution Cell Site 1U MDU
Zhone End to End Service Flow

Zhone MXK
OLT
Zhone
ZNID-GPON-9500
MDU
FTTx

- N x GE
- N x E1
- 1588v2
- SyncE Slave per
G.8262/Y.1362
- WiFi (under consideration)

Enterprise Network

• Enterprise Network in both Access and Core Layers

• One S-VLAN per wireless (VLAN tunneling - QinQ)
• Different VLANs per service (2G,3G,4G) (2G: native TDM or PWE3)

11/08/23 Zhone Confidential

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL 11
 FTTM Solution Cell Site 1U MDU
Physical Connectivity

Zhone
ZNID-GPON-9500
MDU
GPON Type B
protection
GE/E1/FE Zhone
MXK
2G,3G,4G, Wi-Fi OLT

FDT

Zhone
ZNID-GPON-9500
MDU

GE/E1/FE

2G,3G,4G, Wi-Fi

11/08/23 Zhone Confidential

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL 12
 LTE Backhauling through Active Ethernet

EDGE
CORE

ETHERNET
Active Ethernet
SUBSCRIBER

LTE Node

LTE Node
VOICE • DATA
ENTERTAINMENT

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL

Mobile Backhauling Solutions (FTTM)

• FTTM Market Trends

• Backhauling Scenarios
• Clocking Considerations
• Zhone FTTM Products

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL

 Current State of Timing in Mobile
Networks
• Most of the clocking Requirements are been based on 2G, 3G
requirements 4G ready
• Most Requirements show a clear mainstream focus on UNI solutions
with:
• IEEE 1588v2 for frequency
• But frequency legacy options will have to be maintained:
• 2.048Mbit/s or 2.048MHz
• Operators identified no other purpose of multiple PTP domains than
redundancy, and in any case all sync should be derived from a single
Master
• SSM messaging is required for operators wanting to monitor Sync
quality

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL

 Clocking Overview

• Timing is the transfer of time information between 2 points.

• Timing can transfer Time of Day, Frequency or Phase
• All TDM networks transfer Frequency across the network by making sure Bit
times are in sync…
• i.e. What is the beginning of a Bit. When you miss a bit time you “slip”
and get a Bit-slip, which can cause errors on the circuit.
• If the signal can be transferred over a distance and both systems are still in
sync for timing this is said to be synchronous timing
System 2 uses the
beginning of a bit
for it reference

Network Good time

System 1 uses the
beginning of a bit
for it reference
time

Bad

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL

 Synchronous Timing Mode

• The most common is TDM timing in which an SDH device repeats a clock by
using bit timing to propagate the clock though the network
• All timing networks have a master and slave and timing is distributed by the
network
• So Timing at Blue master source and Green slave below should be Synchronous

Common time
source from GPS

TDM1
TDM2
SONET

=
All Interfaces in the same network are timing off the same
master clock so they are said to be Synchronous

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL

 Frequency Transfer Applications

• Used today for TDM and SDH timing.

• Single reference clock is propagated across a network
• Frequency is received Via Sync Ethernet or DS1/E1 from a BITS clock.
• It is transferred via GPON or derived via PTP like 1588 at slave nodes such as
OLTs, LET nodes, etc..

Network

Reference
Replica
Source
Frequency
Frequency

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL

 Synchronous Ethernet

BITS/GPS or
= T1/E1 Timing
Source

Ethernet network
TDM1 With TDM2
Synchronous
Ethernet

• Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE) is a method for transporting

Frequency over Ethernet.
• SyncE uses its always present transfer bit rate clock (25MHz for
FastE, 125MHz for GigE) to keep both sides of the connection
synchronous. Similar to a TDM network but over Ethernet.
• Endpoint can take the timing embedded in the Ethernet Stream
and create a TDM clock that is Synchronized to the source.
PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL
 Adaptive clocking

Source Adaptive Node Remote Adaptive Node

TDM clock source
Ethernet
Fiber TDM

ONT/MDU

Adaptive Clocking
• The remote adaptive node will recover clock purely through analysis of PWE
packet arrival times received from source adaptive node.

• Valid across any packet network topology.

• Remote side Service Clock timing acquisition can take up to 10 minutes. After
5 minutes, timing acquisition is usually sufficient to support error free TDM
traffic

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL

 IEEE 1588v2 Timing Mode
• IEEE1588 is a protocol defined for highly accurate passing of time over a packet network
between a Master and Slaves
• Each packet has a timestamp inserted at the transmission point and the receive point
• Uses Precision Time Protocol on top of native Ethernet for transport.
• Frequency and Phase information are derived from a clock and made into data.
• ‘Master’ has a highly stable and accurate clock source (PRC) and multicasts sync packets
over the network
• ‘Slaves’ listen for multicast sync packets and use the information passed from the ‘Master’
to adjust local clock rate (Frequency/Phase) and local ‘time’ (UTC)

PON
MXK
Ethernet
Fiber Ethernet
T1/E1 T1
RAN BS
ZNID RAN NC
Slave MXK 1588v2 1588v2

Frequency source Frequency source

from 1588 BITS/GPS or
1588v2 Master Clock from 1588
T1/E1 Timing
Source or
Network Timing

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL

 IEEE 1588v2 Timing Mode
to the OLT/MDU/ONT
2G
1588v2 Slave MXK OLT 1588v2 Slave ONT/MDU
TDM
E1
Ethernet Fiber

ONT/MDU E1

BITS/GPS or
1588 Domain 10/100/1000
T1/E1 Timing
Ethernet 3G/4G
Source or
Network Timing
1588v2 Master Clock

• Timing source comes in from the E1 or BITS on Master 1588 clock source.
• 1588 Timing packets are sent to other slave MXK OLTs/MDU/ONT over Ethernet
cloud.
• Timing is then sent down from MXK to E1 PWE cards (frequency)
• Timing is then sent down from ONT/MDU to connected TDM devices 2G
(frequency) or SynchE to Ethernet connected devices such us LTE, NodeB

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL

 LTE Node Timing via 1588v2

MXK OLT
2G
1588v2 Slave MXK OLT 1588v2 Slave ONT/MDU
TDM
E1
Ethernet Active
Ethernet

10/100/1000
Ethernet
1588v2 Master Clock ONT/MDU 3G/4G
BITS/GPS or
T1/E1 Timing
Source or
Network Timing
1588 Domain

• Timing source comes in from the E1 or BITS on Master 1588 clock source.
• 1588 Timing packets are sent direct to the LTE node through OLT Active
Ethernet.

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL

 2G/3G/4G Backhaul Clocking
Considerations

- In Synchronous Mode, clock provided through E1 or BITS interfaces supported on

MALC/MXK/MDU

- For third party PWE compatibility, Zhone recommends choosing third party vendor
with CESoPSN support and SAToPSN support (RFC 5086 and RFC 5087). In
addition, interoperability with RAD com stack is very useful.

- In Adaptive Mode, no intermediate or remote timing references are required.

Remote PWE devices recover Service Clock timing by analyzing packet arrival rates.

- In Adaptive Mode, the Service Clock accuracy (Stratum 1, Stratum 3E, etc.) must be
properly configured for each T1/E1 port of every remote PWE device.

- Packet based network should have QOS preferential treatment to the PWE packets
passing through the network and it should configure jitter buffers of 15 msec to
compensate for any jitter in the network

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL

Mobile Backhauling Solutions (FTTM)

• FTTM Market Trends

• Backhauling Scenarios
• Clocking Considerations
• Zhone FTTM Products

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL

 2G/3G/4G Backhaul Services
over Packet Networks

Zhone MXK 819

Zhone MXK 819 Zhone Zhone
OLT
E1 Aggregation GPON MXK-319 Zhone 9500
Node ONT RAN Mobile MDU

E1s
2G
GPON ONT
E1
BSC

Mobile
K-
Network Packet
Packet
MX AN
R
319 E1
Network
RNC

G Eth Network FE/GE/GPON 10/100/1000

Ethernet
GPON 9500
3G/4G
E1 1U MDU
TDM Pseudo Wire Edge-to-Edge Emulation TDM

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL

 MXK-819 OLT Uplink Card versions
with Timing Support

• 2X10G + 8X1G-CLK uplink card:

- Uplink card Supports E1/BITS TDM clock
port.

• 2X10G + 8X1G + TOP uplink card supports

the following clocking inputs:
• Synchronous Ethernet
• IEEE 1588v2
• CLOCK input (BITS or E1)
• 1PPS input
• GPS input

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL

 ZNID-95xx Series Indoor Mobile
Backhaul MDU

2G
1588v2 Slave MXK OLT 1588v2 Slave ONT/MDU
TDM
E1
Ethernet Fiber

ONT/MDU E1

BITS/GPS or
1588 Domain 10/100/1000
T1/E1 Timing
Ethernet 3G/4G
Source or
Network Timing
1588v2 Master Clock

PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL

 ZNID-95xx Series Indoor Mobile
Backhaul MDU
ZNID-9540 Series
• Indoor 1U MDU with PWE support for cell site or mobile backhaul applications
• GPON or GE uplink versions
• 4 x E1/T1 PWE ports (8 E1/T1 PWE ports in 9580 model)
• 1588v2 ToD and 1PPS clock connections
• Transparent 1588v2 functionality
• Support for SyncE generation on Ethernet LAN ports
• 9 x copper GE LAN ports
• Auto-MDI-X, Auto-Speed
• Additional SFP LAN ports: 2 for GPON uplink models, 1 for GE uplink models
• 2 USB ports
• IPv6 support
• Redundant 48VDC power connections
• 1-U 19” rack-mountable, with all cabling at the front
• Extended operating temperature (-40C to +60C)
• Flexible management options: OMCI, Web UI, ZMS, CLI, SNMP, TR-069, USP (Unified
Service Provisioning)
• Availability: Demo units 4Q14, Production 1Q15

Zhone Confidential 29
PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL