BASICS 2

1. THE ADJECTIVES
2. THE ADVERBS
3. THE CONJUNCTIONS
4. THE INTERJECTIONS
THE ADJECTIVES
 THE ADJECTIVES
ROLE: They give information on the noun; hence they qualify or modify the
nouns. We ask the question ‘how’.
POSITION: always in front of nouns
a red pen: Un stylo rouge / a young man: un jeune homme
a big deal: un gros problem / a beautiful house: une belle maison
an eighteen-year-old boy : un garçon de dix-huit ans
a little, beautiful and clever girl: Une petite fille belle et rusée
NATURE: There are 04 Types of adjective
Short Long Short-long Irregular form

Fat, small, strong, Expensive, Clever Good

pretty, ugly, tall, beautiful, Simple Far
long, dangerous, Quiet Bad
important Narrow
 COMPARATIVE / SUPERLATIVE
Short Long Short-long Irregular
form
COMPARATI TALL IMPORTANT SIMPLE GOOD
VE
Superiority Taller than More important Simpler than or Better than
than more simple than
Equality As tall as As important as As simple as As good as

Inferiority Less tall than Less important Less simple than Less good than
than
SUPERLATIV
E
Superiority The tallest The most The simplest or the The best
important most simple
COMPARATIVE
• OF SUPERIORITY:
short adjective: adj+er than eg.: Ali is bigger than Aliou
long adjective: adj+more than eg.: Joe is more intelligent than Alice
short-long: one of the two eg.: Bob is cleverer than Sam or
Bob is more clever than Sam
irregular form:

good = better eg.: He plays football better than his brother

bad = worse eg.: She is worse at English than her brother

far = farther eg.: Kaolack is farther than Factik

• OF EQUALITY = as +adj (long or short) as
eg: Bill is as old as Jack / Mick is as courageous as Ben
• OF INFERIORITY = less + adj (long or short) than
eg: She is less old than me / This offer is less interesting than the former
SUPERLATIVE
• OF SUPERIORITY:
short adjective: the + adj + est eg: She is the oldest of the group

long adjective: the + most+adj eg:

English is the most important language in
the world
short-long: one of the two eg: this is the simplest way to learn or
this is the most simple way to learn
irregular form:
good = the best he is the best of his generation
Bad= the worst he is the worst of his generation
Far = the farthest We are travelling to the farthest region in the country
• OF INFERIORITY = the least + adj (short or long)
eg: this is the least interesting offer I have ever heard
Homework1
Make short sentences in the columns using the given adjectives
Adjectives Comparative Comparative Comparative Superlative Superlative
of superiority of equality of inferiority of superiority of inferiority
Small
Good
Cool
exciting
Bad
Difficult
Narrow
Nice
Quiet
Far
 Tom
HOMEWORK2 Sally Ellen
Age : 28 or Superlative
Comparative Age : 25 Age : 15
Intelligent : ++ Intelligent : +++ Intelligent : ++
Happy : + Happy : ++ Happy : ++
Good : ++ Good : + Good : +++

Sally is……………………………..than Ellen (old)

Ellen is…………………………………….than Tom (intelligent)
Sally is………………………….…than Tom (intelligent)
Tom is………………………….. than Sally (good)
Sally is the…………………………... (intelligent)
Ellen is the………………………………(good)
Sally is the…………………………………. (old)
THE ADVERBS
 THE ADVERBS
ROLE: They qualify or modify the verbs, the adjectives and other
adverbs
Example:
Adverb - verb: she drives slowly (the adverb slowly modifies the verb drive)
Adverb - adjective: it is simply fantastic ( the adverb simply modifies the adjective fantastic)
Adverb - adverb: she drives really slowly (the adverbs incredibly modifies the adverb
slowly)
POSITION: everywhere in the sentence
NATURE: There are 02 Types of adverb
REGULAR FORM IRREGULAR FORM
Adjective + ly No ly
Shortly, generally, slowly, quickly, nicely, gradually, Very, so, too, never, always, often, well etc.
etc.
 Adverbs of Frequency
Degree Adverbs
100% Always
85% Usually
75% Frequently
65% Occasionally
50% Sometimes
40% Often
30% Rarely – Scarcely
20% Seldom
10% Hardly ever
THE CONJUNCTIONS
 THE CONJUNCTIONS
ROLE: They connect sentences, words and clauses

POSITION: everywhere in the sentence

NATURE:
1. Coordinating conjunctions
2. Subordinating conjunctions
COORDINATING / SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
For – car - justification because , while, as, however, whereas, since, as
And – et - addition soon as, despite, in spite of, before, unless ,
Nor – ni - negation whenever, wherever etc…
But – mais - constraint - opposition
Or – ou - choice
Yet – or - contradiction
So – donc – consequence - result
 Homework 3: Coordinating Conjunctions:
Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
 Would you rather have cheese _____ bologna on  I am allergic to cats, ­______ I have three of them.
your sandwich?  Or
 For  For
 Nor  Yet
 Or  So
 So  I am a vegetarian, ­_______ I don’t eat any meat.
 His two favorite sports are football ______ tennis.  So
 Or  Yet
 And  Nor
 Nor  But
 For
 I wanted to go to the beach, _______ Mary refused.
 But
 Or
 So
 For
 Homework 4: Subordinating Conjunction:
Complete each sentence using the subordinating conjunction from the
parenthesis:
I visit the Grand Canyon _________ I go to Arizona. (once, whenever, wherever)
This is the place _________ we stayed last time we visited. (where, when, how)
_________ you win first place, you will receive a prize. (wherever, if, unless)
You won’t pass the test _________ you study. (when, if, unless)
I could not get a seat, _________ I came early. (as, though, when)
We are leaving Wednesday _________ or not it rains. (if, whether, though)
Pay attention to your work _________ you will not make mistakes. (so that, unless,
or)
The musicians delivered a rousing performance _________ they had rehearsed
often. (though, as, once)
She’s honest _________ everyone trusts her. (if, so, when)
Write this down _________ you forget. (or, when, lest)
 Homework 5:
make sentences using the FANBOYS

FOR / AND
NOR / BUT / OR
YET / SO
THE INTERJECTIONS
THE INTERJECTIONS
Nature: they are short exclamations used to show your feeling and
emotions (sad, happy, angry, tired, surprised, excited, etc.), there is
no rule for their use.
Example:

Aah: exclamation of fear Uh: indicating a pause

Aah: realization or acceptance
Aww: something sweet or cute
Bingo: acknowledge something as right
Hey: calling attention
Hi/hello: greeting
Uh oh: showing dismay
Wow: expressing surprise or admiration
Yay/waay: Congratulatory
Yeah/yep: variant of “yes”
Hmm: thinking or hesitating about something
Er: not knowing what to say
Oh: I see / I think
Oops: mistake
Um: pausing or being septic
Shh: indicating silence
Yippee: celebration
 BASICS 3
Can you name the tenses?

Take a look at this review of twelve tenses using

example sentences. Getting the tenses write
when you are speaking is going to make it a
whole lot easier to make yourself understood.
Simple Tenses
Present Simple
"I play tennis."
Past Simple
"I played tennis."
Future Simple
"I will play tennis."
Perfect Tenses
Present Perfect
"I have played tennis."
Past Perfect
"I had played tennis."
Future Perfect
"I will have played tennis."
Continuous Tenses
 Present Continuous
 "I am playing tennis."
 Past Continuous
 "I was playing tennis."
 Future Continuous
 "I will be playing tennis."
 Present Perfect Continuous
 "I have been playing tennis."
 Past Perfect Continuous
 "I had been playing tennis."
 Future Perfect Continuous
 "I will have been playing tennis."
Now match up these tenses to the sentences using the numbers.
Write the number of the tense in the box.
present simple
past simple
future simple
present perfect
past perfect
future perfect
present continuous
past continuous
future continuous
present perfect continuous
past perfect continuous
future perfect continuous
 Can you guess the tenses?
I will speak to you later: ……….
She works in a shop: . ……….
He is reading a book: . ……….
It had been raining all night : . ………..
I watched TV : . ………..
They were looking for you : . ………..
She'll be coming tonight : . ………..
You had taken a shower : . ………..
Have you listened to this CD? : . ……….
I've been thinking about you : . ………..
By the time she leaves, Jane will have been living here for 3
years : . ………..
I will have gone : . ………..