MODULE 3:REFLECTION

Solution for the Puzzle

Draw a jar that contains 8 liters of milk. Draw another jar

that contains 5 and 3 liters.

Find out how you can provide exactly 4 liters each for 2
friends.
 Solution for the Puzzle

Draw a jar that contains 8 liters of milk. Draw another jar

that contains 5 and 3 liters.

Find out how you can provide exactly 4 liters each for 2
friends.
Puzzle for the day!

I start with the letter E.

I end with the letter E.
I usually contain one letter.
But I am not the letter E.
 EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

ACTIVITY PAPER CHAIN

1. Form a group or join your group
2. Take three A4 size paper
3. Cut the A4 Size paper vertically into more four equal sized parts.
4. Take one glue for the group
5. Prepare a paper chain in collaboration using one hand only and communicating non
verbally.
6. Ask participants how important communication was in doing the task.

• 10-15 minutes
ACTIVITY PAPER CHAIN – REFLECTION

1. Which part of the activity was difficult

2. How important communication was in doing the task.
3. What do you understand about the importance of communication working together?
GROUP ACTIVITY

1. Discuss and reflect on the types of communication.

2. What are the barriers of effective communication? Give one real life example from the
team.
3. Suggest points to improve communication.
TIP FOR A BETTER COMMUNICATION

• 10 ways for a better conversation

PERCEPTION AND COMMUNICATION

The danger of single story: link

ACTIVE LISTENING

Self Assessment

When listening to another person … I Always (1pts) Usually (2pts) Often (3pts) Rarely(4pts) Never (5pts)

Get distracted

Listen only to facts

Interrupt

Pre-judge

Tune out

Ignore non-verbal cues

Assume the other person already knows

Total

Source: Peter R. Garber, 50 communication activities

 ACTIVE LISTENING

Become an Engaged Listener

Engaged listening Manifestations

• Paraphrase
• Repeat
Interactive listening • Probe
• Clarify
Interpretive listening • Remember
• Emotional reaction
Focused listening

Partially listening

Pretend listening

Not listening
FEEDBACK

• What it is?
• Feedback is structured information that one person offers to another, about the impact of their
actions or behavior.
• Helps build constructive relationships and do jobs well.

• Feedback vs Criticism?
• Why we give feedback?
RULES OF GIVING AND RECEIVING FEEDBACK

• Start your feedback saying the good quality skills you observe.
• Use concrete situations, something that has just happened here and now.
• Give your feedback in a way that really helps the other person.
• Do not wait too much for the feedback.
• Never say things in a general way: be specific.
• Try to offer the information, not to force it.
• Be open and sincere.
• Admit, if necessary, that you can also be wrong sometimes.
EFFECTIVE PRESENTATION

• A good presentation is like a mini skirt

“Short enough to catch the attention, but long enough to cover the subject!”
• How to make it interesting
• Message mapping
• Elevator pitch
 PITCH Canvas : YOUR STORY

1. Introduce Yourself 7. Customer traction

2. Simple statement of what change you and 8. Business model
your product are making in the world 9. Investment
3. Pain + Gain 10. Team
4. Product/Service 11. Call to action and end
5. Product Demo statement
6. What is unique 12. Why you ?
TEAM WORK AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION
 MODULE 4
ANALYTICAL
THINKING
Chapter 1
Critical
Thinking
 Critical thinking

Critical thinking is clear, rational, logical, and independent thinking.

It’s about improving thinking by analyzing, assessing, and reconstructing how we think.

It also means thinking in a self- regulated and self-corrective manner.

It’s thinking on purpose!

Critical thinking involves mindful communication, problem-solving, and a freedom from bias or

egocentric.
 Analysis means having the ability to take something apart and examine the
essential or constituent parts, and the relationships between the parts.
Example: when you take your laptop for maintenance, the technician systematically
 Critical Thinking Components does an analysis to determine the problem that needs to be fixed.
They are masters at taking things apart and putting them back together.
Evaluating is making an assessment or judgment based on criteria, a set of
standards, data, or information.
For example, when you go to the doctor, he or she completes a number of vital signs
tests, looks at data and your records, and arrives at a judgment about the status of
your health.
Reasoning is your ability to form a coherent and logical argument, and to be able to
use reasons to justify your argument. It is the process of using your mind to consider
something carefully and to be able to demonstrate that it is either true or false.
For example, lawyers use reasoning in the courtroom to convince a jury that the
defendant is either guilty or innocent.
Decision-making is the ability to identify and choose a course of action from
alternatives, based on values and preferences.

Problem solving is the ability to understand the root causes of an issue or situation,
consider alternative solutions, and arrive at a decision about which solution is best
to address the problem.
Why critical thinking is important?
The ability to think clearly and rationally is important whatever you choose to do. Being able to think well and solve problems

systematically is an asset for any career. Some of the importance are listed below
 Important in the new knowledge economy

 The new economy places increasing demands on flexible intellectual skills, and the ability to analyze information and integrate

diverse sources of knowledge in solving problems. Good critical thinking promotes such thinking skills, and is very important in

the fast- changing workplace.

 Enhances language and presentation skills

 Thinking clearly and systematically can improve the way we express our ideas. In learning how to analyze the logical structure of

texts, critical thinking also improves comprehension abilities.

 Promotes creativity

 Critical thinking plays a crucial role in evaluating new ideas, selecting the best ones and modifying them if necessary.
 Crucial for self-reflection

• In order to live a meaningful life and to structure our lives accordingly, we need to justify and reflect on our values and decisions.

Critical thinking provides the tools for this process of self-evaluation

Critical thinkers bring the following seven characteristics to the workplace

Creative

 They can see early patterns of thinking and behaviors surfacing, and they can tap into innovative ideas and

solutions.
Curious

 They are always interested in learning more about an idea, theory, or issue. They want to develop explanations

to all their questions or for what’s puzzling them, beyond a surface level.
Knowledgeable

 They willing offer their analysis and conclusions, based on their expertise. Their knowledge is typically very

sound.
Open-minded

 They can listen to everyone’s opinion and then accurately assess the strengths and weaknesses of their

positions. They rarely assume they have the right answers, and they recognize many shades of grey.
 Everyone deals with problems on a daily basis. Some problems are small, while
Chapter two
Problem Solving others are serious and complex. Understanding the stages and steps in problem

solving will help you effectively and efficiently find solutions to obstacles, in the

workplace and in life.

Some of the time you have to solve a problem on your own, but more often you

will be involved in team problem solving in the workplace.

Problem solving processes

Identifying the problem
Determine the Root Cause(s) of the Problem
Develop Alternative Solutions
Select a Solution
Implement the Solution
Evaluate the Outcome
 Chapter Three
Decision Making
 Decision making is the process by which we respond to the opportunities and threats that confront us by
analyzing the options and making determinations, or decisions, about specific goals and courses of
action.
 A good decision results in the selection of appropriate goals and courses of action that increase
organizational performance; bad decisions result in lower performance.
 Programmed decisions are decisions that have been made so many times in the past that we have been
able to develop rules or guidelines to be applied when certain situations inevitably occur.

 Most decision making that relates to the day to-day running of an organization is programmed
decision making.
 For example, decision making about how much inventory to hold, when to pay bills, when to bill
customers, and when to take nonpaying customers to court is likely to fall into the programmed category.
 Steps in the Decision-Making Process
1. Recognizing the Need for a Decision
 The first step is to recognize the need for a decision. Generate Alternatives
 The decision maker must generate a set of feasible alternative courses of action to take in response to the opportunity or threat.
 Failure to properly generate and consider different alternatives is one reason why people make bad decisions.
2. Assess Alternatives
Once decision makers have generated a set of alternatives, they must evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each one
The key is to define the opportunity or threat exactly and then specify the criteria that should influence the selection of alternatives
3. Choose Among Alternatives
The next step is to rank the various alternatives and make a decision.
4. Implement the Chosen Alternative
 Once a decision has been made, the alternative must be implemented.
5. Learning From Feedback

Effective decision makers always conduct a retrospective analysis to see what they can learn from past successes or failures. They must

establish a procedure with which they can learn from the results of past decisions. Compare what actually happened to what was expected

to happen as a result of the decision.

THANK YOU