bochins.

paw

ENZYME REGULATION
GROUP-3
ENZYME

are naturally-produced proteins that act as

biological catalysts, meaning that they help
speed up chemical reactions in organisms'
bodies. This process is achieved by the binding
of enzymes to substrates, the complex molecules
that enter cells and upon which enzymes act.
 Types of Enzyme
Regulation

There are certain factors that help regulate enzymes that

include genetic enzyme regulation, compartmentalization,
substrate concentration, degradation of enzymes, alteration of
environmental factors, modification of zymogens, covalent
modification, allosteric regulation, and inhibition.
 Ty p e s o f E n z y m e R e g u l a t i o n

•Genetic Regulation •Compartmentalization •Substrate •Degradation of

Concentration Enzymes
 Ty p e s o f E n z y m e R e g u l a t i o n

•Alteration of •Modification of •Covalent •Allosteric

Environmental Factors Zymogens Modification Regulation
 Cooperativity
bochins.paw

Allosteric proteins show the property of

cooperativity i.e., activity at one
functional site affects the activity at
others. A slight change in substrate
concentration can produce substantial
changes in activity. Their kinetics do
not obey the Michaelis-Menten
equation. Their V versus [S] plots yield
sigmoid curves rather than hyperbolas.
 bochins.paw

•Positive cooperativity: Ligand

binding at one site facilitates the
binding of other sites on the same
molecule.
•Negative cooperativity: Ligand
binding at one site inhibits the
binding of other sites on the same
molecule.
 bochins.paw

Regulatory enzymes for which

substrate and modulators are
identical are called Homotropic.
When the modulator is a molecule
other than the substrate, the enzyme
is said to be Heterotopic.
Isoenzymes are enzymes that differ in bochins.paw

amino acid sequence yet catalyze the

same reaction.
Zymogens are inactive precursors of
enzymes.
Zymogens or proenzymes acquire full
activity only upon specific proteolytic
cleavage of one or several of their
peptide bond. Irreversible process.
 bochins.paw

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