INFORMATION LITERACY

GROUP 2
 INFORMATION vs. DATA vs. KNOWLEDGE

• The Meriam-Webster’s Dictionary defines information as

knowledge that a person about someone or something. It
can be intelligence, news, data, or facts.
 INFORMATION vs. DATA vs. KNOWLEDGE

• The Meriam-Webster’s Dictionary defines information as

knowledge that a person about someone or something. It
can be intelligence, news, data, or facts.
• Data refer to unstructured facts and figures that create
the least impact on the receiver.
 INFORMATION vs. DATA vs. KNOWLEDGE

• The Meriam-Webster’s Dictionary defines information as

knowledge that a person about someone or something. It
can be intelligence, news, data, or facts.
• Data refer to unstructured facts and figures that create
the least impact on the receiver.
• Knowledge refers to the human understanding of a subject
matter derived from experience, learning, and thinking.
HEIRARCHY AMONG KNOWLEDGE,
INFORMATION AND DATA

What we know and understand

KNOWLEDGE

The facts and data we gather

INFORMATION

DATA
Basic facts and information
INFORMATION LITERACY

While media literacy focuses on the understanding, usage,

and production of messages received from different
media, information literacy is the ability to find, evaluate,
and use information effectively.
William Pollard (American Physicist)

“Information is a source of learning

and is considered a benefit; but when
unorganized, unprocessed, and
unavailable to people who will use it,
information becomes a burden”.
INFORMATION LITERACY

Information literacy, just like media literacy, is all about

critical thinking. From the results of the online search you
do, you should be able to recognize the information you
need and carefully select the useful information.
INFORMATION LITERACY

When you fail to muster information literacy in consuming

information, you lose your freedom to analyze data and
create personalized information.
INFORMATION LITERACY

When you fail to muster information literacy in consuming

information, you lose your freedom to analyze data and
create personalized information.

You may also choose irrelevant or unreliable data that may

cause confusion and possibly, erroneous knowledge.
ETHICAL USE OF INFORMATION

In this information age, millions of people in the

world create and consume information without the
knowledge of its proper usage which often leads to
misunderstanding or worse, legal sanctions.
1. PRIVACY

Privacy, as defined by Meriam-Webster’s dictionary, is the

“state of being alone or being away from public
attention.” In this age where information is easily
accessible through the internet, the concept of privacy is
often questioned.
1. PRIVACY

Even information tagged as private in a digital medium,

such as email, a social networking personal message, or
even a file saved in a hard disk, can still be accessed by a
technology expert who has the ability to get through
digital securities.
How can one ensure that selected
information will remain private?

One can prevent violation of privacy by completely

avoiding the risk of sharing a very “private” information
in a medium that can be accessed by people.
2. ACCURACY

Accuracy relates to the correctness of the information

source to the details of the information. Dates, places,
persons involved and other details are essential data in
testing the accuracy of an information source.
2. ACCURACY

An example of this: in November 2015, the Department

of Budget and Management (DBM), which handles the
budgetary requirements of the Philippine government,
denied that the government will be distributing PHP
10,000 in addition to the holiday pay.
2. ACCURACY

The rumor started when a December 2011 article by the

Philippine Daily Inquirer circulated it online. Many people
believed and shared the news, not knowing that what the
newspaper proliferated was inaccurate.
3. PLAGIARISM

According to the Meriam-Webster’s Dictionary, to

plagiarize is to “use the words or ideas of another person
as if they were your own words or ideas.” It can be
regarded as an act of fraud that involves stealing
someone else's work.
3. PLAGIARISM

Plagiarism is a usual problem on the internet these days.

Since people have wide access to huge number of
information online, it is easy for them to download or
copy-paste materials on the web. Often, others do not
properly cite or mention their sources.
3. PLAGIARISM

An example of this: in November 2012, a senator in the

Philippines was accused of plagiarizing the first part of
his privileged speech during the deliberation of the
Reproductive Health Bill. While the senator denied the
allegations, his chief-of-staff later admitted that it was
lifted from another source (Rappler, 2012)
To prevent plagiarism is to:

• Never lift an information that you do not own per se.

To prevent plagiarism is to:

• Never lift an information that you do not own per se.

• Properly attribute an information to its author.
To prevent plagiarism is to:

• Never lift an information that you do not own per se.

• Properly attribute an information to its author.
• Never pretend that you own its words.
To prevent plagiarism is to:

• Never lift an information that you do not own per se.

• Properly attribute an information to its author.
• Never pretend that you own its words.
• It is also safer to paraphrase an information rather than
copy it as it is.
To prevent plagiarism is to:

• Never lift an information that you do not own per se.

• Properly attribute an information to its author.
• Never pretend that you own its words.
• It is also safer to paraphrase an information rather than
copy it as it is.
• However, even in paraphrasing, do not forget to cite the
original source of an information.
INFORMATION LITERACY SKILLS

An information literate individual has a specific set of

skills. Those skills in question are:
INFORMATION LITERACY SKILLS

An information literate individual has a specific set of

skills. Those skills in question are:

• Determine the extent of information needed;

INFORMATION LITERACY SKILLS

An information literate individual has a specific set of

skills. Those skills in question are:

• Determine the extent of information needed;

• Access the needed information effectively and
efficiently;
INFORMATION LITERACY SKILLS

An information literate individual has a specific set of

skills. Those skills in question are:

• Determine the extent of information needed;

• Access the needed information effectively and
efficiently;
• Evaluate information and its sources critically;
INFORMATION LITERACY SKILLS

• Incorporate selected information into one’s knowledge

base;
INFORMATION LITERACY SKILLS

• Incorporate selected information into one’s knowledge

base;
• Use information effectively to accomplish a specific
purpose;
INFORMATION LITERACY SKILLS

• Incorporate selected information into one’s knowledge

base;
• Use information effectively to accomplish a specific
purpose;
• Understand the economic, legal, and social issues
surrounding the use of information; and
INFORMATION LITERACY SKILLS

• Incorporate selected information into one’s knowledge

base;
• Use information effectively to accomplish a specific
purpose;
• Understand the economic, legal, and social issues
surrounding the use of information; and
• Access and use information ethically and legally.
Information literacy skills require an understanding
of the following:
1. A need for information

An information literate individual must recognize what

kind of and how much information he/she needs and
understand why it is needed.
1. A need for information

An information literate individual must recognize what

kind of and how much information he/she needs and
understand why it is needed.

A person who is able to identify the type of information

he/she needs can develop further his/her sense of inquiry
for correct information.
2. Resources available

This requires the individual to understand the availability

of resources; where to find them, how to access them and
when they are appropriate to use them.
3. How to find information

Some information may be easily located by just asking

questions to people knowledgeable in their field or by
plainly searching the internet.
3. How to find information

However, information literacy also requires the ability “to

search appropriate resources effectively and identify
relevant information” from the vast number of
information that is available.
4. The need to evaluate results

After searching the information, an individual should be

able to triangulate an information.
TRIANGULATION

Is the method used to question the validity, reliability,

and accuracy of an information source (Pierre, 2008)
4. The need to evaluate results

After searching the information, an individual should be

able to triangulate an information.
For one should always be critical of the possible biases of
the source(s) of information.
4. The need to evaluate results

After searching the information, an individual should be

able to triangulate an information.
For one should always be critical of the possible biases of
the source(s) of information.
Selecting inaccurate and biased information may mislead
information user.
5. How to work with or exploit results

In relation to the need to evaluate results, a person

should also understand how to “analyze and work with
the information.”
6. Ethics and responsibility of use

It has been a common practice among many students to

copy-paste texts and pictures from the internet without
properly attributing their source(s).
6. Ethics and responsibility of use

It has been a common practice among many students to

copy-paste texts and pictures from the internet without
properly attributing their source(s).

An information literate individual knows his/her

responsibility when distributing and sharing information.
7. How to communicate or share your findings

The ability to communicate or share information in a

manner or format that is appropriate to the information,
the intended audience, and situation is also important as
pointed out by CIPIL
7. How to communicate or share your findings

Utilizing media channels, such as the television, radio,

newspaper and the internet requires a persons
understanding of its pros and cons.
7. How to communicate or share your findings

Utilizing media channels, such as the television, radio,

newspaper and the internet requires a persons
understanding of its pros and cons.
Use of footnotes, appropriate writing techniques, and
presentation styles are also important in providing your
audience with a wider perspective regarding your
information.
8. How to manage your findings

An information literate individual knows how to store and

manage the acquired information. In truth, not all the
information one acquires in data-gathering can be
deemed essential.
8. How to manage your findings

An information literate individual knows how to store and

manage the acquired information. In truth, not all the
information one acquires in data-gathering can be
deemed essential.
Some may be related to the topic at hand, but only few
may be relevant. However, remember to store all
gathered information for future purposes.
REPORT FIN: CONCLUSION
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING, ANY QUESTIONS?