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Lifespan Development 08 Early Adulthood
Lifespan Development 08 Early Adulthood
8.1: Explain developmental tasks and physical changes during early adulthood
8.2: Explain cognitive development in early adulthood
8.3: Explain theories and perspectives on psychosocial development
8.4: Examine relationships in early adulthood
Physical Development in Early Adulthood
Learning Outcomes: Physical Development in Early
Adulthood
8.1: Explain developmental tasks and physical changes during early adulthood
8.1.1: Summarize the developmental tasks of early adulthood
8.1.2: Describe physical development and health in early adulthood
8.1.3: Summarize risky behaviors and causes of death in early adulthood
8.1.4: Describe sexuality and fertility issues related to early adulthood
Developmental Tasks of Early Adulthood
• Developmental tasks of young adults include
(Havighurst):
• Achieving autonomy
• Establishing identity
• Developing emotional stability
• Establishing a career
• Finding intimacy
• Becoming part of a group or community
• Establishing a residence and learning how to
manage a household
• Becoming a parent and rearing children
• Making marital or relationship adjustments and
learning to parent
Physical Development in Early Adulthood, cont. I
• The body completes it growth, but the brain continues to develop
• Reproductive system, motor ability, strength, and lung capacity are operating
at their best but will start a slow, gradual decline by the mid to late 30s
• Habits established in our 20s are related to health conditions in middle age,
particularly the risk of heart disease
• American men and women with moderate weight gain from early to middle
adulthood have significantly increased risks of major chronic disease and
mortality
• Early adulthood tends to be a time of relatively good health
Physical Development in Early Adulthood, cont. II
• The leading cause of death for both age groups 15 – 24 years and 25 – 34 in the
United States are unintentional injury, suicide, and homicide (followed by cancer
and heart disease)
• Rates of violent death are influenced by substance abuse
• Youth transitioning into adulthood have some of the highest rates of alcohol and
substance abuse
• Drugs impair judgment, reduce inhibitions, and alter mood, all of which can lead
to dangerous behavior such as reckless driving, violent altercations, and forced
sexual encounters
• Drug and alcohol use also increase the risk of sexually transmitted infections due
to the increase of engagement in risky sexual behavior when under the influence
Sex and Fertility in Early Adulthood
• Men tend to reach their peak of sexual responsiveness in their late teens and early
twenties with a slow decline starting in the late 20s and into the 30s
• Women often find they become more sexually responsive throughout their 20s and 30s
and may peak in their late 30s or early 40s
• While early adulthood is often the time for having children, delaying childbearing
until the late 20s or early 30s is becoming more common in the US as women are
more likely to attend college and being careers before starting families and more
people are delaying marriage
• Infertility affects about 11% of the reproductive age population with both male and
female factors causing one-third of cases
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), or endometriosis can block fallopian tubes and
cause infertility
• Chlamydia and gonorrhea can both cause PID
Sex and Fertility in Early Adulthood, continued
• The majority of infertility cases are treated using fertility drugs to increase ovulation or
surgery to repair reproductive organs or remove scar tissue
• In vitro fertilization (IVF) is used in less than 5% of cases when a woman has blocked or
deformed fallopian tubes or a man has a very low sperm count
• Less common procedures include gamete intrafallopian tube transfer (GIFT) where both
sperm and ova are implanted and zygote intrafallopian tube transfer (ZIFT) where a
fertilized egg/zygote is implanted
• Same-sex couples may use donated sperm or eggs or a surrogate in order to have biological
children
• Reciprocal IVF can be used when both possess female reproductive organs
• Artificial insemination (AI) is most often used by single women, women in a lesbian
relationship, or women with a infertile male partner
Practice Question 1
Your neighbor Niles is an average American male in his early twenties. From
early adulthood research you have been learning about, what accurate information
could you share with him?
A. His eating and exercise habits now can affect his health risks in midlife
B. He will reach his physiological peak in about 15 years.
C. His weight will probably stay exactly the same throughout middle adulthood.
D. As his body starts to slow down, there is nothing he can do about it.
Practice Question 2
We learned about sexual responsiveness and reproduction in early adulthood in the
United States today. It is true that:
The Interdependent Adolescence Parents renegotiate their relationship with their adolescent
Stage children to allow for shared power in decision-making.
The Departure Early Adulthood Parents evaluate their successes and failures as parents
Stage
The Changing Face of Parenthood, continued
• Parenting is a complex process in which parents and children influence one
another
• Proposed influences on parental behavior include: parent characteristics, child
characteristics, and contextual and sociocultural characteristics
• Parental characteristics include the age of the parent, gender, beliefs, personality,
developmental history, knowledge of parenting and child development, and
mental and physical health
• Child characteristics that affect parenting behaviors and roles include gender,
birth order, temperament, and health status
• Sociocultural characteristics including economic hardship, religion, politics,
neighborhoods, schools, and social support also influence parenting
Practice Question 4
Aniah and Devon are a married couple who live in the United States and they
have just had a baby boy. Based on what you have been learning about parenting:
A. Aniah and Devon should be permissive parents in order to ensure their son’s
healthy development and the most effective outcomes.
B. The parenting styles of Aniah and Devon will not have any effect on their
son’s development.
C. Aniah and Devon are in the nurturing stage of parenthood according to
Galinksy
D. Aniah and Devon are probably in their early twenties.
Class Activity: Love and Intimacy
• Get into groups of four or more and have someone in charge of writing down
main discussion points
• Discuss how important the accomplishment of intimacy vs. isolation is? Are
there other tasks of early adulthood that are more accurate?
• Can a person lead a happy life without finding a significant other?
• Explain using examples from your life supported by information from the
Chapter.
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