Petroleum Reservoir Engineering - PE 303-

((Coring and Core Analysis))

DONE BY :
Roaa Ahmed Morsi Taha
20193631

Supervisor By :
Dr. Omar Saad Ahmed Mahmoud .

Submitted Date: 27/3/2022

 Content Page

Cover
page………………………………………………………………………….1
Introduction ………………………………………………………………………
3
What is coring ??!..
……………………………………………………………..4
What is core analysis ??!.................……………………………….……
5
Types of coring ………………………………………………………………..…
6
Determination of Fluid Saturation ……….…………………………….7
• Retort method ………………………………………………………………7
• ASTM method
……………………………………………………………….8
• Centrifugal
method………………………………………………………..9
References………………………………………………………………………..1
0
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………..11

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 Introduction
Coring is typically accomplished by drilling into the
formation with a hollow section drill bit and drill pipe,
which is somewhat analogous to removing a small core
from an apple by an apple corer.

In fact the data obtained from core analysis are actually

used for calibration of the indirect methods such as well
logs.

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short notes about Coring and Core Analysis.

• What is coring ?!
Coring is defined as the process of cutting and recovery of
formation rock portion to be used for geoscience studies and
measuring rock properties. The coring is done while drilling
wells. It is normally performed while drilling exploration
and appraisal wells. Additionally, it is performed while
drilling development wells for additional information. Along
the history of a reservoir,

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 • What is core analysis ?!
Core analysis provides useful information that support different
oil and gas industry tasks. For reservoir geology, the core
analysis provides the essential information to understand
reservoir rock lithology, minerals content, depositional
environment and fracturing systems. For the petro physics and
reservoir engineering.

The core analysis is the way to determine reservoir rock

properties including porosity, permeability, fluid saturation,
wettability, capillary pressure, relative permeability, electric
properties and rock mechanics properties. As for drilling and
well completion.

core analysis provides the necessary information about

fluid/formation compatibility, grain size data for gravel packing
and rock mechanics data for the well completion design.

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Types of Coring
There are different types of coring. A specific coring type is
normally selected according to the required information. Time
and cost also play a role in selecting what type of coring to
select.

 Conventional Coring
This is the most popular and maybe the most useful type of
coring. A cylindrical sample of the formation rock is cut along
the axis of the drilled hole.

 Sidewall Coring
For this coring type, plug size formation rock samples are cut
perpendicular to the drilled hole axis

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 Determination of Fluid Saturation
from Rock Sample

Retort method:
This method takes a sample and heats as to vaporize water and
oil, which is condensed and collected in a small receiving
vessel. This method has some disadvantage. First to vaporize all
the in situ oil the core sample should reached to a high
temperature around 1100oF. At this high temperature the water
of crystallization within the rock is driven off, causing the water
recovery values to be greater than just interstitial water. The
second error is that the oil at this high temperature range tends
to cock and crack. This change in the molecule type causes
decreasing in the liquid volume and coats the internal walls of
the core sample. Before using of the retort test calibration
curves should be used to correct the errors resulted from the
cocking and cracking at different temperature.

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ASTM method:
This method is based on the extracting with a solvent during a
distillation process. The core is placed and a vapor of toluene,
gasoline, or naphtha rises through the core and is condensed to
reflux back over the core. This process leaches out oil and water
in the core. The water and extracting fluid are condensed and
collect in a graduated receiving tube (Figure 2 ‑28). The water
settles to the bottom of graduated tube because of its higher
density. The process continues until no more water is collected
in the graduated vessel. After the process the water saturation
can be determined directly. The oil saturation is an indirect
determination. By knowing the weight of core sample before
the test, the weight of the dried sample after the test, and the
weight of extracted water we can determine the oil saturation:

Figure3 : ASTM Method

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Centrifugal method:
The water and oil are extracted from the sample core with
solvent as the ASTM method. The difference is that the
extraction force is applied by a centrifugal force. The solvent
removes all the water and oil in the sample under the
centrifugal force and the extracted fluid collected in a container
to determine the oil and water saturation in the same way of
ASTM method. The use of centrifuge provides a very rapid
method.

Oil is found in reservoirs in sedimentary rock. It is composed of

compressed hydrocarbons, and was formed millions of years
ago in a process that began when aquatic plant and animal
remains where covered by layers of sediments(particles of rock
and mineral).

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 References

https://
link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-03
0-87462-9_2
https://perminc.com/resources/fundamentals-of-fl
uid-flow-in-porous-media/chapter-2-the-porous-m
edium/saturation/determination-fluid-saturation-r
ock-sample
/

file:///C:/Users/HP/Downloads/[Dandekar,_Abhijit_reservoir_
rocks%20%20(Second%20Edition).
pdf

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 Conclusion
coring decision in the petroleum industry is made on
economical and technical grounds. From an economical
standpoint, coring interrupts the regular drilling activity;
however, it provides the much needed data for qualitative
geological and reservoir engineering evaluation, through
variety of core tests.
Oil is found in reservoirs in sedimentary rock. It is composed of
compressed hydrocarbons, and was formed millions of years
ago in a process that began when aquatic plant and animal
remains where covered by layers of sediments(particles of rock
and mineral).

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