“Malthusian Trap Theory”

Born = February
13, 1766
Died = December 23, 1834
Group Members

• Kainat Shoukat
• Noor-ul-Ezza
• Syed Sabeeh-ul-Hassan
• Salal Khan
• Salman Khan
• Kamran Abbas Haider
• Hasnain fareed
• Yousma Qayyum
• Ahsan Danish
Case study of Africa Kainat Shoukat
• African societies have thus become caught in the “Malthusian trap.”
• Population growth in Africa is extremely high. In most countries it is
above 2.7 per cent. In 28 African countries, the population will double
over the period from 2010 to 2050.
• Unproductive agricultural sector cannot adequately feed Africa’s poor.
• Food imports to Africa are increasing substantially.
• Low living standards. Average income is very low.
• The population is growing more quickly than the number of jobs.
Case study of Africa Kainat Shoukat
 Case study of Mauritius Noor-ul-Ezza
• Monocrop economy of Mauritius.
• Imports of vast majority of foodstuff, clothing, other consumption
goods, raw materials and capital equipment.
• Population explosion after WW2.
• Fall in death rate from 28 per 1000 in 1936-40 to 12 per 1000 in 1958.
• Increase in fertility and birth rate.
• Plentiful unskilled labor and scarce land and capital equipment.
• Limitations of land.
• In 1950s Mauritius was experiencing a Malthusian crisis.
• Birth rate had risen sharply from 35 to 45+ per thousand.
• Death rate had declined sharply from 30 to 15 per thousand.
• Pressure on the economy /natural resources/ agriculture.
Case study of Mauritius Noor-ul-Ezza
 The One Child Policy Sabeeh-ul-Hassan
• Why was the One Child Policy Introduced?
– Changes to an industrial economy caused a famine from 1959-61,
with 35 million deaths.
– A lack of resources such as jobs meant that there were many
poor people who could not afford to pay taxes, and the
government needed more money to create facilities for the large
population
 The One Child Policy Sabeeh-ul-Hassan
• The Policy:
• 1979.
• Couples must not marry until their late 20s.
• Most have only one successful pregnancy.
• Must be sterilized after the first child or abort any future
pregnancies.
• Would receive a 5-10% salary rise for limiting their family to
one child.
 The One Child Policy Sabeeh-ul-Hassan
• Punishments:
• A 10% salary cut
• A fine so large that it would bankrupt most households
• The family would have to pay for the education of both
children and health care for all the family
• Second children born abroad were not penalized, but they
were not allowed to become Chinese citizens
 The One Child Policy Sabeeh-ul-Hassan
• Benefits:
• The famine which was previously forecast has not occurred.
• Population growth has slowed down sufficiently for people to
have enough food and jobs.
• The population growth rate has decreased by more than 10%
since the policy was introduced.
• It's estimated that 400 million fewer people have been born.
• New industries have lifted millions out of poverty, although
technology from other countries has helped to do this.
• The policy was abolished on the 1st January 2016, and
replaced with the two-child policy, however couples still have
to gain permission to have a second child.
 Food Production Salal Khan
• The Malthusian Trap is the idea that increased food production leads to
increased population, which leads to food shortages.
• There are several aspects of the Malthusian idea that are worth
considering.
– In the growth literature, the transition from Malthusian stagnation to
sustained economic growth has been extensively studied.
– In the last two centuries, the Great Divergence in Income Per Capita
across regions of the world has sparked new research debates. What
are the underlying behavioral and technological structures that can
account for these different stages of development at the same time,
and what are the implications for the current growth processes of
developed and developing countries Population and food supply
according to the Malthusian theory, the population grows in a
geometrical pattern.
 Food Production Salal Khan
• Population and Food Supply According to the Malthusian theory, the
population grows in a geometrical pattern.
• The rate of increase in food supply is slower than the rate of increase in
population. It reduces the population to the available food supply level.
• Famines, earthquakes, floods, epidemics, wars, and other natural disasters
are among the positive checks.
• When population growth becomes unmanageable, nature respond
 Case study on population and land degradation Salman Khan
• Global population is increased from 5billion in 1987 to 6.9 in 2010
• An average annual growth rate 1.4 percentage with Africa recoding partially
high growth rates
• poverty is also a cause of land degradation
• Malthus says food security and environment are considered to be
interdependent
• Achieving environmental and Economic sustainability
– Neo Malthusian perception disregards the potential for economic
development and with in sustainable environment, when control
With rapid population growth.
 Case study on population and land degradation Salman Khan
• Land degradation through various process
– loss of vegetation
– soil erosion leading to loss of fertility
– soil pollution
– situation of water resources
– loss of animal and plant - land use negative and positive effects
on human life -/Positive effects more food and forestry products
-/ negative effects Disturbance of biophysical circle (eg :water
and nutrition)
• The highest rate of deforestation occurs in areas where hunger is
prevalent
 Case study of Niger Kamran Abbas
• Between 720 and 811 million people in the world went hungry in 2020,
according to the UN report on the State of Food Security and Nutrition
in the World.
• Land-locked country in the Sahel region facing a food deficit.
• Its population of 18 million people is growing at 4 percent a year, one
of the highest rates in the world.
• More than 1.5 million people in Niger were affected by food insecurity
in 2017.
• Early end to the 2004 rains, desert locust damage to some lands, high
food prices, and chronic poverty.
• 2.4 million of 3.6 million people are considered highly vulnerable to
food insecurity.
 Case study of Niger Kamran Abbas
• Life Expectancy = 62.42 Years
• Population Growth rate = 3.8% annual change (2019)
• Fertility Rate = 6.7 births per woman
 Population and food supply Hasnain Fareed
• Population increases in geometrical while food supply arithmetic.
• Result is imbalance in population and food supply.
• If this difference between food production and growth rate remains,
than food crisis will arise.
• This food crisis can be controlled in two ways
– Either we take precautionary measures
– Or nature itself will control it i.e “Famine or natural disaster”
• (1064-1072) Seven years of famine in Egypt.
• (1302-1316) Famine in Spain.
 Case study of Somalia Yousma Qayyum
• Population = 15.89 million
• 3rd lowest GDP per capita (2020) = 331.64
• Fertility rate (2019) = 5.98 births per woman
• Death rate = 10.5 per 1000 people
• 5.6 million people are currently food insecure
• 2.8 million people cannot meet their daily food requirements due to
the compounding impacts of extended drought, flooding, desert
locust infestations, the economic impacts of COVID-19 and conflict.
Case study of Africa Ahsan Danish
Thankyou So Much

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