Contraception and Women

Health

By Group A
 Scenario 0f Pregnancy and Abortion in Bangladesh

Intended
Pregnancy
51%
 Scenario 0f Pregnancy and Abortion in Bangladesh
Unintended
Pregnancy
49%
Intended
Pregnancy
51%
 Scenario 0f Pregnancy and Abortion in Bangladesh
Unintended
Pregnancy
49%
Intended
Pregnancy
51%

Abortion 60%
The preventive methods to help women avoid unwanted pregnancies are
called contraceptive methods.

Whatcontraception
Why is contraception?
Contraception is needed?
= against conception

• To avoid unwanted pregnancies

• To regulate the timing of pregnancy
• To regulate the interval between pregnancy
Condom
Female Method
Oral of
Contraception
Contraception
Hormonal
Ring
UID Contraceptive Surgical
Condom Injection

Diaphragm
Coitus Calendar Rhythm Vaginal Contraceptive
Implant Douche
Interruptus Method Patch
 + = COCs

Monophasic 21-day pills

• This is the most common type.
• Each pill has the same amount of hormone in Lowit. Doses Progesterone
Combined Oral Contraceptive
• One pill is taken each day for 21 days and then no pills are taken for the next 7 days.
Examples: Microgynon, Marvelon and Yasmin are examples of this type of pill.

Biphasic 21-day pills

• Contain 2 or 3 sections of different colored pills in a pack. Each section contains a
different amount of hormones.
Triphasic 21-day pills
• Have 3 different doses of progestin and estrogen that change approximately every
7 days.
How do COC’s work?
 How do COC’s work?

Preventing Entry Of Sperms

By thickening of cervical mucous
Into Uterine Cavity

COCs work by Preventing ovulation Suppress FSH, LH

Preventing Implantation By thinning the endometrium

 Who can use COC’s

• Including adolescents and women over 40 years old

• After childbirth:
Not breastfeeding: after 3 weeks
During breastfeeding: Initiate COCs at 6 months postpartum

• After abortion

• Are living with HIV, whether or not on therapy

 Who should not use
COC’s
• Breastfeeding : <6 weeks postpartum • Non-Breastfeeding: <3 weeks with risk
factors for VTE

• Vascular conditions: Hypertension (≥160/≥100),

Migraines with aura, Ischemic heart disease or stroke,
Diabetes with vascular complications, Deep venous
thrombosis (history or acute), Pulmonary embolism
(history or acute)
• Breast cancer: Current or within 5 yrs Who
should not use COCs
• Liver conditions: Acute hepatitis, Severe
liver disease and most liver tumors
• Smoking: ≥15 cigarettes/day and ≥ 35 yrs old
Advantages
• 99.7% effective if correctly used.
• no interruption during sex.
• make bleeds regular, lighter and less painful.
• reduces your risk of cancer of the ovaries, womb and colon.
• reduces symptoms of PMS(premenstrual syndrome).
• sometimes reduces acne, body and facial hair.
• protection against pelvic inflammatory disease.
• reduces the risk of fibroids, ovarian cysts and non-cancerous breast disease.
 Disadvantages

• It can cause temporary side effects at first, such as headaches, nausea, breast
tenderness and mood swings – if these do not go after a few months, it may help
to change to a different pill.
• It can increase your blood pressure.
• It does not protect you against sexually transmitted infections.
• Breakthrough bleeding and spotting is common in the first few months of using the
pill.
• It has been linked to an increased risk of some serious health conditions, such as
blood clots and breast cancer.
 Symptoms including the need to stop taking combined oral
contraceptive immediately
If periods become irregular or having a change in the normal pattern of period, COC is needed to stop
immediately.
Symptoms

Physical Symptoms Mental Health Symptoms

1. Headaches and migraine that are worse than usual. 1. Changes in mood like low mood, anxiety, mood swings and
2. Muscle aches and joint pains. low self-esteem.
3. Changed body shape and weight gain. 2. Problems with memory or concentration.
4. Skin changes including dry and itchy skin.
5. Reduced sex drive.
6. Vaginal dryness and pain, itching.
7. Recurrent urinary tract infections.
 Advice when stopping or changing COC’s
• It is possible to start the new pack immediately by taking the first pill from it.
• When switching to COCs from a different method of contraception, overlapping both forms of protection
is recommended initially.
• Use of condoms for the first week or month of a new pill to prevent unintended pregnancy.
• When switching between the combined pill and the minipill, start the first pill of the new pack straight
away without any need to complete the existing pack.
• Stopping the pill after prolonged use can get one pregnant. So protection is needed.
• Menstrual cycle can get wacky and periods could be heavier, irregular and cause more cramping. So
advice is given not to get worry.
• When switching from a combination pill to a mini pill, take mini-pill immediately. But if it has been >5
days since the last menstrual bleeding, either abstain from sex or use backup contraception for the next
two days
Advice For The Patient Who Forgets To Take A Progesterone Only Pill
Or The COC Pill

Take a pill as soon as you remember – only take 1, even if you've missed more
than 1 pill.

Take the next pill at the usual time – this may mean taking 2 pills on the same
day (1 when you remember and 1 at the usual time), this is not harmful.

Carry on taking your remaining pills each day at the usual time
Thank You