ENERGY STORAGE

SYSTEMS
 INTRODUCTION
• It is particularly important for the development and integration of
renewable energy technologies. Some renewable energy sources have
intermittent generation profiles, which means that electricity is only
produced when the sun is shining or when the wind is blowing. This
creates supply and demand discrepancies because consumers may still
require electricity when renewables sources are not producing.
• Energy storage enables a lower-cost generating source to produce
electricity at a different point in time to be stored and then used to
meet times of peak demand. This ‘flexibility' has the potential to
transform how we produce and consume electricity.
 ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
• Energy storage system can actually store energy and use the stored
energy whenever the need arises.

• As the need for clean energy arises, the need to replace current
existing power plants have become a global issue
 NEED OF ENERGY STORAGE
• Supply and Demand mismatch
• Utilize storage for peak periods.
• Reliable power supply.
• Reduce the need for new generation capacity.
• Electrical vehicles
• Emergency support
 TYPES OF ENERGY STORAGE
• Energy storage systems are the set of methods and technologies used
to store various forms of energy.
• There are many different forms of energy storage
• Batteries: a range of electrochemical storage solutions, including
advanced chemistry batteries, flow batteries, and capacitors
• Mechanical Storage: other innovative technologies to harness kinetic
or gravitational energy to store electricity
• Compressed Air: utilize compressed air to create energy reserves.
Electricity can be converted into hydrogen by electrolysis. The
hydrogen can be then stored and eventually re-electrified.
• Pumped hydro-power: creates energy reserves by using gravity and
the manipulation of water elevation
• Thermal: capturing heat or cold to create energy

The choice of energy storage technology is typically dictated by

application, economics, integration within the system, and the
availability of resources.
Energy Storage Technologies
PUMPED HYDRO STORAGE (PHS)
• Employs off peak electricity to pump water to a reservoir of low
elevation to higher elevation and run down to hydro turbine to
generate electricity.
• Can be sized upto 1GW
• Efficiency 80-85%
• Life 50-60 years
• Siting issue
• Expansive to build
 Compressed Air Energy Storage

•Energy from solar or wind and even electricity from thermal power
plant during off-peak period may be utilized to compress air by
compressor and same air may be utilized to produce electricity during
peak-hour.
•Compressed air energy storage is done in underground caverns and
abandoned mines.
 Flywheel Energy Storage
• Flywheel energy storage systems are one of energy storage devices.
They store energy mechanically in the flywheel rotor by rotating the
rotor while as chemical batteries stores energy electrically. When we
want to use the stored energy in the rotor, a generator is used to
convert mechanical energy to electrical energy.
• Flywheel systems are not sensitive to temperature since they are
operating in a vacuum containment. Therefore, the hybrid vehicle with
flywheel systems can run without any problem at very cold or hot
areas. And, flywheel systems can store more energy per system weight
compared to chemical batteries.
• Capacity range: 0.5 – 10 kWh
• Suitable for shorter duration (milliseconds)
• Life: 20 years, Efficiency: 70-80%
• Safety issue with flywheel design and operating conditions
• The flywheel system is a very efficient
energy storage device.
 Thermal Energy Storage (TES)
• Capacity Range: 10 – 50 kWh
• Suitable for cooling in buildings and industrial processes
• Life: >20 years, Efficiency: 75-90%
• Thermal insulation, unique design configuration, and material
properties
 Superconducting Magnet Energy Storage
• Superconducting magnetic energy storage systems store energy in the
magnetic field created by the flow of direct current in a
superconducting coil. This advanced systems store energy within a
magnet and release it within a fraction of a cycle.
 Regenerative Fuel Cell Storage
• A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts a source fuel (from
combustible substances such as hydrogen, methane, propane, and
methanol) into an electric current.
• A fuel cell is a device that generates electricity by a chemical reaction.
Every fuel cell has two electrodes, one positive and one negative,
called, respectively, the anode and cathode. The reactions that produce
electricity take place at the electrodes.
• Hydrogen is the basic fuel, but fuel
cells also require oxygen.
• One great appeal of fuel cells is
that they generate electricity with
very little pollution—much of the
hydrogen and oxygen used in
generating electricity ultimately
combine to form a harmless
byproduct, namely water.