SERIES6.

53& PARALLEL
CONNECTION
BASICS OF
ELECTRIC
CIRCUIT
A closed loop through which current
can flow is called an electric circuit
For a continuous flow of electrons,
there must be a complete circuit with
no gaps. A gap is usually provided by
an electric switch that can be opened
or closed to either cut off or allow
energy to flow.

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BASICS OF
ELECTRIC
CIRCUIT
The flow of electron starts from
the negative terminal of a
battery where there are
abundant negative charges, to
the load, to the electrical
switch, and back to the positive
terminal where there are
deficient negative charges.

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 COMPONENTS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUIT

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COMPONENTS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUIT

Voltage Conducting Electrical Electrical

source wires switch load

5
 Voltage source
PRODUCT BENEFITS
A device that maintains a
constant amount of
voltage. Common voltage
sources used at home are
battery, generator, wall
socket, and electric outlet.

6
COMPONENTS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUIT

Voltage Conducting Electrical Electrical

source wires switch load

7
 Conducting wires
PRODUCT BENEFITS
Are special kind of conductors
where current can pass through
easily. There is a corresponding
safe amount of current that can
pass through for every size,
thickness, or cross-sectional area
of conducting wire. So, it is
important to consider the
dimension of wire to be used 8
COMPONENTS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUIT

Voltage Conducting Electrical Electrical

source wires switch load

9
 Electrical switch
PRODUCT BENEFITS
A device that can control the
entrance of current. When it
is on, the circuit is closed,
then current can pass
through. When it is off, the
circuit is open, and current
cannot pass through . 10
COMPONENTS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUIT

Voltage Conducting Electrical Electrical

source wires switch load

11
 Electrical Load
PRODUCT BENEFITS

An electrical device that

converts electrical
energy to heat.

12
COMPONENTS OF ELECTRIC
CIRCUIT CONDUCTING WIRES

VOLTAGE SOURCE
A device that maintains a
constant amount of voltage.
Common voltage sources
used at home are battery,
generator, wall socket, and
electric outlet.

ELECTRICAL SWITCH
A device that can ELECTRICAL LOAD
control the entrance of An electrical device that
current. When it is on, converts electrical energy to
the circuit is closed, heat.
then current can pass
through. When it is off,
the circuit is open, and
current cannot pass
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SERIES CURCUIT
 SERIES CURCUIT
A circuit that consists of one loop is
called a series circuit. You can see a
simple series circuit diagram in figure
2. If a series circuit is interrupted at
any point in its single loop, no current
can flow through the circuit and no
loads in the circuit will work.
SERIES CURCUIT
 SERIES CURCUIT
In series circuit, if one light bulb
burns out, the other light bulb will not
work because it will not receive any
current. Series circuits are commonly
used in Christmas lights. The
electrical switch is also connected in
series with the light bulbs.
PROPERTIES OF A SERIES CIRCUIT
<3

1
2
3
 PROPERTIES OF A SERIES CIRCUIT
<3

1. The total
resistance of a
series circuit is the
sum of all
resistances in
thecircuit. Total
resistance is always 2
greater than the
individual
resistances in
3
aseries circuit
 PROPERTIES OF A SERIES CIRCUIT
<3

1. The total
resistance of a
series circuit is the
sum of all
resistances in
thecircuit. Total
resistance is always 2
greater than the
individual
resistances in
3
aseries circuit
 PROPERTIES OF A SERIES CIRCUIT
<3

1. The total
resistance of a 2. The voltage
series circuit is the source is
sum of all
resistances in equal to the
thecircuit. Total sum of all
resistance is always
voltage in each
3
greater than the
individual load in a
resistances in
aseries circuit circuit
 PROPERTIES OF A SERIES CIRCUIT
<3

1. The total
resistance of a 2. The voltage
series circuit is the source is
sum of all
resistances in equal to the 3. The
thecircuit. Total sum of all current is
resistance is always
greater than the voltage in each constant
individual load in a across
resistances in
aseries circuit circuit each load
 ADVANTAGES OF USING SERIES
CONNECTION

1 2 3

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A series connection does not
overheat easily. For a given circuit
of two loads, the amount of current
passing through each load is
constant. If you add more loads, the
amount of current passing through
in all the loads is still constant.
However, the amount of current in 2 3
a circuit with two loads is higher
than the amount of current in a
circuit with more than two loads.
Meaning, the more loads connected
in series circuit the amount of
current reduces.

24
 ADVANTAGES OF USING SERIES
CONNECTION

1 2 3

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 2
In a series circuit,
there is the only
one path for the
current to flow
from the voltage
1 source to the 3
different loads. It
would be easy to
connect and
disconnect new
load.
 ADVANTAGES OF USING SERIES
CONNECTION

1 2 3

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 3
Since series
circuit is less
likely to
overheat, there
1 2 is no need to
use expensive,
thick wires.

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 1
DISADVANTAGES
OF USING SERIES 2
CONNECTION
3
4
DISADVANTAGES OF USING
SERIES CONNECTION

1. If one of the light bulbs is damaged or

removed in a series connection, all other
light bulbs in the circuit will not light too.
This is because the point where the bulb is
damaged or removed causes the circuit to
open, resulting to discontinue the flow of
current in the circuit.
DISADVANTAGES OF USING
SERIES CONNECTION
1
2
3
4
DISADVANTAGES OF USING
SERIES CONNECTION

2. The addition of more light bulbs in series circuit

causes a decrease in the brightness of the bulbs.
Given a fixed amount of voltage supplied by the
voltage source, the more bulbs are added would
mean more bulbs will share the available electrical
energy to be converted to light energy.
DISADVANTAGES OF USING
SERIES CONNECTION
1
2
3
4
DISADVANTAGES OF USING
SERIES CONNECTION

3. The loads in a series circuit are difficult t

control individually. When the switch is off
all loads in the circuit will not function
anymore
DISADVANTAGES OF USING
SERIES CONNECTION
1
2
3
4
 DISADVANTAGES OF USING
SERIES CONNECTION

4. It is difficult to identify the damaged bulb

in the circuit.
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
 PARALLEL CIRCUIT
A circuit that has two or more loops is called
a parallel circuit. A simple parallel circuit
diagram of two loops is shown in figure 4. If
one loop is interrupted, the current can still
flow through the other loop. In the parallel
circuit, if one light bulb burns out, the other
light bulb will still work because current can
still flow through it. A common example of
parallel circuit is the connection of electrical
wirings at home.
PROPERTIES OF A PARALLEL CIRCUIT
The reciprocal of the total resistance in a parallel
circuit is the sum of the reciprocal of all resistances in
the circuit. Total resistance is always less than the
smallest resistance in the circuit

There is only one voltage which is equal to a voltage

source.

The total current is equal to the sum of all currents in

each load in a parallel circuit.

39
ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
6.53
OF USING
PARALLEL CONNECTION
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1) Overloading may happen
1) All loads in parallel
if appliances are
connection are simultaneously used at
directly connected to home. With more loads,
the voltage source. total resistance decreases
Even the resistances resulting to excessive, large
vary, all light bulbs amount of current that
can still have their would pass through the
conducting wires.
maximum brightness
Consequently, overheating
of wires takes place which
may lead to fire.
41
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

2) In a parallel 2) A parallel connection

is difficult to install,
circuit, even if one
maintain, and repair
of the light bulbs is since large volume of
damaged, all other conducting wires is
light bulbs will still needed. When problem
function since the in the connection
flow of current is occurs, it is difficult to
not entirely identify which loop
interrupted. among the many loops
does not work. 42
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

3) Individual load in a 3) It requires

parallel circuit is easy to
control. Each load has a
the use of
connecting wire for the several
current to flow, and
each may have its own
conducting
switch. Even if you wires of
switch off one bulb,
other bulbs are not
varying sizes.
affected.
43
ADVANTAGES

4) All light bulbs and

appliances at home are
connected in parallel.
Switching off some appliances
does not affect other
appliances.

44
THANK YOU
Group 4
Celestine Tyarra Mortillero
6.53
Erich S. Obañana
Lyka Mey J. Arevalo
Nyah Gealon
Venzjor Mabini
Rainiel Dolatre