WEB TECHNOLOGY

 Course :B.Tech
 SemCourse : B.Tech
 Semester :5th​
 Subject : WT
 Faculty: Ms. Rubbina
 Topic : INTERNET BASICS
 INTRODUCTION TO WEB PROGRAMMING
 Web technology refers to the means by
which computers communicate with each
other using markup languages and
multimedia packages.

 It gives us a way to interact with hosted

information, like websites.

 Web technology involves the use of

hypertext markup language (HTML) and
cascading style sheets (CSS).
 NEED OF WEB TECHNOLOGY

 It gives you the opportunity to express yourself

creatively on internet.
 It can make you easier to update your content
from anywhere at anytime.

 It reduces your cost , it takes much less time to

build a site.
 On high-demand, fun-to-experience
 WEB PROGRAMMING TRIANGLE

HTML

CSS JAVASCRIPT
 History of Internet protocols
 Internet : collection of computers and other
peripherals.
 WWW is the collection of software &
corresponding protocols that are used to
access a resource over a n/w.
 Internet born in 1969 - called ARPANET
developed by DOD(department of
defense)USA and it is a 4-node packet
switching network.
 TIM BERNERS LEE developed the term
Web in 1989
 CONTINUED……..
 Protocols: Rules specifying the
format of the messages to be
exchanged among the nodes.
 W3C (world wide web consortium)
 INTERNET ADDRESSING/ IP ADDRESSING
 It is used to uniquely identify resource on a
internet.
 IP address is an address having information
about how to reach a specific host
 2 types: IPV4 & IPV6
 IPV4: An IP address is of 32 bit unique address
and have an address space of 2^32
 2 Notations: dotted notation and hexadecimal
notation
 INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER
 An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is
the industry term for the company that
is able to provide you with access to
the Internet, typically from a computer.
 Its "electronic" path.
 Not to pay extra to communicate who
have different ISP.
 INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER
 Largest national and regional ISPs
are AT&T WorldNet, IBM Global
Network, MCI, Netcom, UUNet,
and PSINet.
 An ISP is also sometimes referred

to as an IAP (Internet access

provider).
 Types of ISP
In the 1990s, there were three types of ISPs:
 dial-up services
 high-speed Internet
 DSL
By 2013, dial-up services were rare due to slow
speed & other ISP options were typically readily
available and much, much faster.
 Fiber Internet

 With DSL dropping, a new technology

coming and it's already here in some areas
called fiber, or fiber optical, broadband.
 Fiber is hundreds times FASTER than cable
or DSL.
 FiOS stands for fiber optic services, and it
claims to have superfast Internet connection
speeds.
 INTRODUCTION TO WWW
 The World Wide Web ("WWW" or "The Web")
is the part of the Internet that contains websites
and webpages.
 Websites are composed of pages linked by
hypertext links that are written in HTML.
 The software to see the World Wide Web is
called a web browser. One also needs a
connection to the Internet.
 INTRODUCTION TO WWW
 It enables the retrieval and display of text
and media to your computer. This system
would allow individuals to link their
documents together to create a web of
interconnected documents.
 Internet and Web is not the same thing:
Web uses internet to pass over the
information.
 Features of the World Wide Web

 HyperText Information System.

 Cross-Platform.
 Distributed: Approximately 70 million active
sites as of December 2007.
 Open Standards and Open Source. TCP/IP,
HTTP, HTML, CSS. ...
 Web Browser: provides a single interface to
many services. ...
 Dynamic, Interactive, Evolving.
 "Web 3.0"
How the World Wide Web Works?
 HOW THE WORLD WIDE WEB
WORKS?

There are three main technologies involved in transferring information (web

pages) from servers to clients (computers of users).

HTTP
TCP/IP
WEB
BROWSER
S
 CONT..
 HTTP: It is used by WWW service to
make communication possible between
web server and web browser.
 TCP/IP: allows one computer to talk to
another computer via the Internet through
compiling packets of data and sending
them to right location.
 CONT..
 Web Server: A special software which runs
on computer and responds to request made by
other computers on network.
 Web Browser: It is simply an application
program, which sends request to web server
and accept a response to that request from
server.
 DNS
 The Domain Name System (DNS) is
the phonebook of the Internet.
 It translates human readable domain

names (for example,

www.amazon.com) to machine
readable IP addresses (for example,
192.0.2.44).
 How Do I Find the DNS Server Used
By My PC?

 Search for any website eg

www.amazon.com
 To view the DNS being used by
Windows, run a Command Prompt,
and type “ipconfig /all” followed by
Enter. “DNS Servers” will be listed in
the information displayed.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
DNS
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

 Generally DNS is the  DNS queries usually

only system in the entire don’t carry any
world that can help you information about the
browse the internet. clients who initiated it.
 No need for memorizing
IP addresses
 Security enhancement
 URL
 A URL is a type of uniform resource identifier
and is address of a resource on the World Wide
Web and the protocol used to access it. It is
used to indicate the location of a web resource
to access the web pages.
 CONT..
 The URL sends users to a specific resource
online such as video, webpage, or other
resources. When you search any query on
Google, it will display the multiple URLs of
the resource that are all related to your search
query. The displayed URLs are the hyperlink
to access the webpages.
 CONT..
A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) contains the
information, which is as follows:

 The port number on the server, which is optional.

 It contains a protocol that is used to access the
resource.
 The location of the server
 A fragment identifier
 In the directory structure of the server, it
contains the location of the resource.
 Where is the URL located?
 A URL is located in the address bar or search bar at
the top of the browser window. The URL is always
visible in the desktop computers and laptop unless
your browser is being displayed in full screen. In
most of the smartphones and tablets, when you scroll
down the page, the URL will disappear and only
show the domain when visible. To visible the address
bar, you need to scroll up the page. And, if only the
domain is shown and you want to see full address,
tapping on the address bar to show the full address.
 Is an IP address the same as a web address or a URL?
 An IP address is not the same as a web address or a
URL, as it is a unique number that is assigned to
each device on a network. A domain name is
assigned a unique IP address on the World Wide
Web, and when entered an URL like javatpoint.com,
it is translated by DNS into an IP address that used
by routers to find web servers. Instead of using an IP
address, a domain name is used as it is easy to
remember by humans. For example, to remember an
IP address like 216.58.216.164 is hard, and much
easier to remember 'javatpoint.com.'
 HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
 The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is
application-level protocol for collaborative,
distributed, hypermedia information systems. It is the
data communication protocol used to establish
communication between client and server.
 HTTP is TCP/IP based communication protocol,
which is used to deliver the data like image files,
query results, HTML files etc on the World Wide Web
(WWW) with the default port is TCP 80. It provides
the standardized way for computers to communicate
with each other.
CONT..
 The Basic Characteristics of HTTP (Hyper
Text Transfer Protocol):
 It is the protocol that allows web servers and
browsers to exchange data over the web.
 It is a request response protocol.
 It uses the reliable TCP connections by default
on TCP port 80.
 It is stateless means each request is considered
as the new request. In other words, server
doesn't recognize the user by default.
 The Basic Features of HTTP (Hyper Text
Transfer Protocol):

 HTTP is media independent: It specifies that any type of

media content can be sent by HTTP as long as both the server
and the client can handle the data content.
 HTTP is connectionless: It is a connectionless approach in
which HTTP client i.e., a browser initiates the HTTP request
and after the request is sent the client disconnects from server
and waits for the response.
 HTTP is stateless: The client and server are aware of each
other during a current request only. Afterwards, both of them
forget each other. Due to the stateless nature of protocol,
neither the client nor the server can retain the information
about different request across the web pages.
The Basic Architecture of HTTP
 CONT..
 HTTP is request/response protocol which is
based on client/server based architecture. In
this protocol, web browser, search engines, etc.
behave as HTTP clients and the Web server
like Servlet behaves as a server