PATH-FIT 3 – SPORTS

(INDIVIDUAL DUAL
SPORTS)

BY: MARIA CASANDRA S. ARGONZA, LPT

ORIGIN OF THE GAME, FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT USED
IN BADMINTON

• Badminton is a sport very much like tennis, and is played using rackets specific for that sport. A
shuttlecock or a feathered cork acts like a missile that is railed back and forth over a high net. The
racket can be used with a lot of wrist movement, as the material is light.

• This module gives information about Badminton; where is it originated, the description of the
game, the meaning of the terms used in badminton as well as the facilities and equipment used in
the game.
 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
• A game with shuttlecock is widely believed to have originated in ancient Greece about 2000
years ago. From there, it spread via the Indo-Greek kingdoms to India and then farther East to
China and Thailand.
• In Medieval England, a children’s game called Battledore and Shuttlecock was popular.
Children would use Battledores (paddles) to hit the shuttlecock up in the air and prevent it from
reaching the ground.
• In the 1960’s British Army officers in India, included a net in the game of Battledore and
Shuttlecock, therefore making it more competitive. The game was known as Poona at that time.
• The British Army officers brought this game to England and played it in the estate of the
Duke of Beaufort called “Badminton House”. Being not familiar to the game, the Duke of
Beaufort’s nonmilitary guests began referring to the game as “The Badminton Game” and thus
the game became known as “Badminton”.
Below is the brief overview of generally acknowledged important highlights of the game development
1877 The Bath Badminton Club, the first Badminton club in the world, wrote down the rules of badminton for the first
time.
1893 The badminton Association of England (BAE) printed and circulated the first proper set of rules, similar to that of
today.
1899 All England Open Badminton Championships, the first organized badminton competition in the world was conducted
by BAE.
1920 British and American Immigrants commenced badminton in the Philippines.
1934 The International Badminton Federation (IBF) became the government body of the sports. It was established with
Canada, Denmark, and England, France the Netherlands, Ireland, New Zealand, Scotland and Wales as its founding
members.
1949 Philippine national rankings produced Adriano Torres, the first national men’s single champion.

1952 The Philippine Badminton Association (PBA) was created and became the first national badminton organization,
originally composed of 28 badminton clubs. Philippines became the 21st member country of the IBF.

1972 Badminton debuted as a demonstration sports at the Munich Olympics.

1981 A Philippine Badminton team competed in the South east Asian Games for the first time.

1984 Philippine joined the Thomas cup for the first time.
1992  Badminton was elevated to being an Olympic medal sport in Barcelona.
 Philippines joined the Uber Cup for the first time, resulting in the victory over Tanzania.

1996 Weena Lim became the first Filipino badminton player to qualify and participate in the Atlanta Olympics.

1997 The Philippines hosted the first Asian Juniors Badminton Championships participated by 200 players from 21
countries.
2001 The Philippine hosted the first JVC Open Asian Badminton Championships.
2001-2005 JVC National Open Tournaments were played in malls to encourage more people to play badminton.

2006  The IBF was renamed as Badminton World Federation (BWF).

 Start of the Philippine Badminton Open, a BWF sanctioned tournament.
2008 The mixed doubles team of Kennie and Kennievic Asuncion placed as high as #11 in the worlds ranking by the BWF
due to their strong performances in international competitions.

2009 The Philippine participated for the first time in the Sudirman Cup World Mixed Team Championships in Guangzhou,
China.
2012  Filipina Paula Lynn Obanana, played for team USA in the Uber Cup held in Wuhan, China.
 Indonesian Rexy Mainaky, the 1995 world champion and 1996 Olympic gold medalist, signed a two-year deal
with the Philippine Badminton Association to become its coaching director.
THE GAME

• The objective of the game is for the shuttlecock or bird rally back and forth across the net with
a racket until the player makes the bird dead by a fault.

• In singles play, there are two players (one player from each competing team); in doubles,
there are four players (two players from each competing team).
TERMINOLOGIES
• Ace – a good serve which the opponent is unable to hit or touch with his racket.
• Backhand – the stroke use to return balls to hit to the left of a right handed player and to the
right of the left handed player.
• Backcourt – back third of the court, in the area of the boundary lines.
• Bird – the shuttlecock.
• Clear – a high shot which falls close to the backline; another term for lob.
• Drive – a fast and low shot that makes a horizontal flight over the net.
• Drop Shot – a shot hit softly and with finesse to fall rapidly and close to the net in the
opponents’ court.
• Fault – a violation of the playing rules.
• Forehand – the stroke used to return a ball hit to the right of a right handed player and left of a
left handed player.
• Game – the part of a set completed when one player or side has scored enough points to win a
single contest.
• Kill – fast downward shot that cannot be returned.
• Let – a minor violation of the rules allowing a rally to be replayed.
• Love – used to indicate zero point or no score. At first serve the score is “love all”.
• Match – a series of games to determine a winner.
• Rally – the exchange of shots that decides each point.
• Round the hand stroke – a high stroke over the head to hit a bird on the offhand side.
• Serve – the stroke used to put the shuttlecock into play at the start of each rally; also called
“service”.
• Set – to choose to extend a game beyond its normal ending score id tied with one point to go.
• Smash – a hard hit overhead shot that forces the shuttle sharply downwards into the opponents’
court.
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
For this part, refer to figure 1 for better understanding. (You will be using ft. and inches as unit of
measurement).
• For singles court the measurement is 44 feet long by 17 wide.
• For the doubles court the measurement is 44 feet long by 20 feet wide.
• A badminton court is rectangular, with clearly marked white lines dividing it into different sections. These
different lines define and limit where to serve, where to serve, where to receive, and up to where the
shuttlecock may drop for a shot to be considered good.
• Short Service Line is the line 6.5 feet from the line that may be made by the net if the court is seen from a
bird’s eye view.
• Center Line, 10 feet from the side line for doubles, is the line that runs form the short service line to the
back boundary line. This delineates the left from the right service court.
• Sideline for Singles, is marked 1 foot 4.5 inches from the edge of the sideline for doubles.
• Side line for Doubles, the outermost line at the side marks.
• Back boundary line and the long service line for singles, the outermost line at the end of the court
functions as the back boundary line for singles and doubles and long service line for singles.
• Long service line for doubles, is marked 2 feet 4.5 inches inside the back boundary line.
THE NET
• On each doubles sideline is a post, which holds the net firm across the center of the court.
The net is made of dark but clearly visible mesh with white tape that runs across its top. It
measures 5 feet from the ground at the center, and 5 feet and 1 inch from the ground posts.
• If you don’t have materials in measuring the height of your net, you can use your racket, you
need two racket plus one head of the racket.
THE RACKET
• A badminton racket is lightweight and may be made of wood, aluminum, or synthetic
material such as graphite or carbon. The racket is flat and strings are crossed in a
uniform pattern all over the head, with no variation. The racket frame cannot be
longer than 27.2 inches, and the width of the head should be 9.2 inches or less. The
stringed area may not be more than 11.2 inches long and 8.8 inches wide.
THE SHUTTLECOCK (ALSO CALLED BIRD)
• A badminton Shuttlecock is made of natural and synthetic material, or a combination of the
two. There are 16 feathers that are connected to the rounded, leather-covered, cork base. All
of the feathers are with the same length, and must be between 64 mm and 70 mm. the
feather tips form a diameter of 58mm to 68mm. The shuttlecock weighs about 5g and,
consequently, can travel at a very high speed during play.
MECHANICS AND RULES OF THE GAME

• In every sports there are officials of the game. The official of the game enforce the rules of a
certain sport, he should be knowledgeable enough of the rules of the game to make decisions on
any appeals of the coaches and players. Likewise, a player should be knowledgeable enough of
how he should be playing the game and the rules of the game.

• In this module, you will be learning the duties and responsibilities of the officials of the game
Badminton and the rules of the game such as the scoring system, change of ends, continuous play,
misconduct and penalties, lets, service, service court errors and faults of the game.
The officials of the game are an umpire and two linemen;
An UMPIRE shall:
• Checks on net height and shuttles.
• Tosses for service or side.
• Announces players. Keeps and announces score after each rally.
• Upload and enforce the rules of badminton and specially call a “fault” or “let” should either
occur.
• Give a decision on any appeal regarding a point dispute, if made before the service is delivered.
• Ensure players and spectators are kept informed of the progress of the match.
• Announces winners and respective scores or teams.
The LINEMEN:
• Are stationed at opposite side corners and use the signals THUMBS UP when a shot is “out” or
the Palm down when the shot is good.
MECHANICS and RULES OF THE GAME
Badminton is a racket sport for two in singles, or four in doubles. The object of the game is to get
21 points with at least a two point advantage. A point scored when the shuttlecock is not properly
returned. The match is won by the player or team that wins two games.
SCORING SYSTEM
• Each game is played up to 21 points; the match goes to the side that wins the best of
three games. Each rally won by a side is a point added to its score. If the score is tied at 20, the
side that achieves an advantage of two points wins the game. But, if the score is still tied at 29,
the first side that scores 30 wins the game. The winner in a game serves first in the next game.
INTERVAL AND CHANGE OF ENDS
• Player have one-minute interval when the leading score reaches 11. In between games,
players get a two-minute break. Should there be third game, player change ends when the
leading score reaches 11.
POINTS IN SINGLES
At the start of each game and when the score is even, the player serves form the right service
court and serves diagonally to the receiver’s box. Same thing happens if the score is odd, except
that the server serves from the left. If the server wins the rally, he gains a point and serves again,
following the odd-even scheme. If the receiver wins the rally, he gains a point and serves again,
following the odd-even scheme. If the receiver wins the rally, he gains a point and the service. He
then serves from the side of his ends as indicated by his score.
POINTS IN DOUBLES
At the start of each game and when the score is even, the player serves form the right
service court, directing the serve to the diagonal receiver’s box. Same thing happens if the score is
odd, except that the server serves from the left. Same thing happens if the score is odd, except
that the server serves from the left. If the serving team wins the rally, it gains a point and the
server serves again, following the odd-even scheme. If the receiving team wins the rally, it gains a
point and becomes the new serving side. The player on the receiving side who serves last stays in
the same service court form where he served last. After the serve is received, players may already
stay anywhere they want according to their strategy.
FAULTS
A fault results to a loss of point and serve. It is a fault if:
1. Service is illegal, that is if:
a. Shuttlecock is struck above the waist level;
b. Shuttlecock does not penetrate the correct court;
c. Racket head is not lower than the serving hand at the instance of the serve;
d. Server lifts one or both feet during service;
e. Server drags his foot;
f. Server feints a serve;
g. Server misses the shuttlecock in attempting to serve; and
h. Server steps on the line or stands outside of the proper court during service.
2. Receiver steps on the line or stands outside of the proper court during service;
3. Receiver does not keep both of his feet in contact with the correct court during service;
4. Shuttlecock drops outside the playing area;
5. A player contacts the net with any part of his body or his implements;
6. A player reaches over the net to hit the shuttle; or
7. A player/team hits the shuttle twice in attempting to return.
LETS
• A let is a situation that calls for a discontinuity of the rally and therefore, the rally shall be re-
served as no point is gained by either of the players. A let occurs if:
• Player delivers the serve before the receiver is ready;
• Both the server and the receiver commit faults at the same time;
• The shuttlecock disintegrates during the rally; and
• The shuttlecock is caught by and remains suspended on top of the net.
RULES IN PLAYING SINGLES AND DOUBLES
MATCH

Playing Single Match

Serving and receiving courts

• The players shall serve from, and receive in, their respective right service courts when the server
has not scored or has scored an even number of points in that game.
• The player shall serve from, and receive in their respective left service courts when the server
has scored an odd number of points in that game.
Order of play and position on court
• In a rally, the shuttle may be hit the server and the receiver alternately, from any position
on that player’s side of the net, until the shuttle cases to be in play.
Scoring and Serving
• If the server wins a rally, the server shall score a point. The server shall then serve again
from the alternate service court.
• If the receiver wins a rally, the receiver shall score a point. The receiver shall then become
the new server.
Playing Double Match
• Serving and Receiving Courts
• A plyer of the serving side shall serve from the right service court when the serving side has not
scored or has scored an even number of points in that game.
• A player of the serving side shall serve from the left serving court when the serving side has
scored an odd number of points in that game.
• The player of the receiving side who serve last shall stay in the same service court from where he
served last. The reverse pattern shall apply to the receiver’s partner.
• The player of the receiving side standing in the diagonally opposite service court to the server
shall be the receiver.
• The player shall not change their respective service courts until they win a point when their side
is serving.
• Service in any turn of serving shall be delivered from the service court corresponding to the
serving side score’s except if there is a service court error.
Order of play and position of the court
• After the service is returned, in a rally, the shuttle may be hit by either player of the serving side
and either player of the receiving side alternately, from any position on the player’s side of the
net, until the shuttle ceases to be in play.
Scoring and Serving
• If the service side win a rally, the serving side shall score a point. The server shall then serve
again from the alternate service court.
• If the receiving side wins a rally, the receiving side shall score a point. The receiving side shall
then become the new serving side.
Sequence of Serving
• In any game, the right to serve shall pass consecutively:
• From the initial server who started the game from the right service court.
• To the partner of the initial receiver.
• To the partner of the initial server.
• To the initial receiver.
• To the initial server and so on.
• No player shall serve or receive out of turn, or receive two consecutive services in the
same game except if there is a service court error.
• Either player of the winning side may serve first in the next game, and either player
of the losing side may receive first in the next game.
RACKET GRIP
BADMINTON GRIPS
• Forehand Grip (Figure 1)
• This grip is used to hit shots that are on the forehand side of your body and around
the head shots.
• Hold the racket head with your non-playing hand so that the handle points towards
you.
• Your racket face shall be perpendicular to the floor.
• Place your playing hand on the handle as if you are shaking hands with it.
• There shall be a V shape in between your thumb and your index finger.
• The racket handle shall rest loosely in your fingers for greater flexibility.
• Can try shortening your grip and place it nearer to the shaft to increase control and
accuracy when serving and hitting from the forecourt and midcourt.
Backhand Grip (Figure 2)
• This grip is used to hit shots that are on the backhand side of your body.
• Hold the racket as you would on a forehand grip.
• Turn the racket anti-clockwise so that the V shape moves leftwards.
• Place your thumb against the back bevel of the handle for greater leverage and power.
• The racket handle shall also rest loosely in your fingers.
• Can try shortening your grip and place it nearer to the shaft to increase control and
accuracy when serving and hitting from the forecourt and midcourt.
WRIST WORK
• This is a swing within a swing or the wrist flip accentuating the arm stroke.
• Wrist remains cocked on the forward swing just before the bird is hit.
• At the time of contact between the racket and the birds, there should be
straight line from the shoulder through the elbow and wrist to the end of the
racket.
• As arm continues forward, the wrist continues to bend until swing is
completed.
STROKE PRODUCTION
According to the point of contact between
bird and racket;
• The forehand stroke – used when
returning bird from right of the body.
(figure 3)
• The body should face to the right with
left foot nearer the net, nearer the right
sideline, then right foot.
• The stroke is made by throwing hand a
point of contact between bird and
racket, wrist leading, weight transferred
to the left foot.
• The follow through is made by moving
arm and body toward spot at which bird
are directed.
Backhand Stroke – used when
returning bird from left side of the
body. (Figure 4)
• This stroke follows essentially the
processes of forehand stroke but
with reversed feet positions and
body turn.
• Right foot is more forward towards
net and more advanced forward
the sideline to allow for more body
turning to the left.
Overhand Stroke – used when
returning a high shot and in
which arm and shoulder are fully
extended. (Figure 5)
BADMINTON CLEARS
Overhead Clear
Use the clear to move your opponent to the backcourt. It will
create space in the frontcourt for you to exploit. n It will also give
you more time to go back to your base. The optimum hitting
zone is located somewhere above the central area of your racket.

You can play two types of Badminton Clears, Attacking Clear and
Defensive Clear.
Attacking clear
Has a trajectory that runs
almost parallel to the ground.
The shuttle travels flat and fast
towards your opponents back
court. These badminton shots
allow less time to your
opponent to get behind the
shuttle, potentially causing
weak returns. The shuttle is hit
square with your racket face.
Defensive Clear
Has a high and deep
trajectory. These badminton
shots give you more time to
return to your base and
prepare for the next shot. The
shuttle is hit with your racket
face leaning slightly
backwards.
Underarm Clear
• The underarm clear is usually played
from the front court area to your
opponent’s back court. Whether to
play it high and deep or a flatter,
cross court clear will depend on the
situation at that time and your
opponent’s positioning on court.
• In any case, try to reach the shuttle
as early as possible so that you can
have various shot options. Your wrist
action is the crucial element in
creating a deception for your shots.
Badminton Drop Shots
• Are delicate badminton shots that can win you points outright if
executed well with deception. These shots can be played both on the
forehand and backhand sides. Use the badminton drop shot to move
your opponent to the frontcourt. It will create space in the midcourt
and backcourt for you to exploit.
• Wrist action is essential in providing the disguise and element of
surprise. The optimum hitting zone is located somewhere above the
central area of your racket.
• You can play two types of Badminton Drop Shots, Slow Drop Shot and
Fast Drop Shot.
Drives, smashes and net play
Net Shots
• These shots are played from around
the net area back to your opponent’s
net area. It can be played both on the
forehand and backhand sides. The
objective is to force your opponent to
hit a weak lift or hit shots that could
not clear the net. These shots can be
played straight or cross court.
• Execute the net shot well and you will
have a tumbling shuttle falling into
your opponent’s court. It is a difficult
shot to return by any standards.
The smash
• Is a shot hit with power and speed
downward to your opponent’s
court. The angle and the steepness
of the shuttle’s trajectory will make
it hard for your opponent to
retrieve.
• Contact the shuttle further in front
of your body than the clear or the
drop shot. The optimum hitting
zone is located somewhere above
the central area of your racket.
The Drive
• Is an attacking shot that is usually played from the sides of the
court when the shuttle has fallen too low for it to be returned
with a smash. The shuttle shall be between your shoulder and
knee height.
• It is widely used in doubles as players want to keep the shuttle
low. Although to a lesser extent in the singles, it is an important
stroke as well.
• A flat and fast drive is useful in getting the shuttle behind your
opponent, potentially causing them to make a weak return. You
can also change your tactics and play a flat but slower drive shot
that falls in the frontcourt or midcourt area. It all depends on
the situation you are in and the on court positioning of your
opponent.
• Badminton drive shot can be played diagonally crosscourt or
straight down the line. Your stroking motion is similar to a
sidearm throwing motion. Footwork is important as you need to
shuffle or glide to your sides to make the shot.