CHAPTER II

LESSON 1

Determining the Nature of

Instruction Planning
OBJECTIVES:

• explain the importance of instructional planning

• determine the elements of instructional planning; and
• Observe how instructional planning is being done
EDUCATION THEORY

Planning is an integral part of successful instruction.

Stephen Keague quoted that proper planning and preparation
prevents poor performance.
Instructional planning as defined by the Virginia Department of
education as cited in DepEd Order 42, series of 2016, is the
process of determining what learning opportunities students in
school will have by planning the content of instruction, selecting
teaching materials, designing the learning activities and grouping
methods, and deciding on the pacing and allocation of
instructional time.
Republic Act 7797, entitled An Act to Lengthen the School
Calendar from Two Hundred (200) Days to not more than Two
Hundred Twenty (220) class days as imposed in DepEd Order
25, series of 2018, states that the learners are expected to be in
school for a total of 200 class days for school year 2018 to
2019. Therefore, if there is 200 to 220 class days every school
year, teachers are expected to plan and teach for 200 to 220
classroom instructions.
Here are some practical tips teachers have
found useful according to Partin (2005)
1. Make a general plan for the year.
2. Try o plan at least a week in advance.
3. Make a master lesson plan form.
4. Focus on the goal/s you hope to accomplish.
5. Do not over rely on knowledge- level objectives
6. Keep a notebook for each class to organize the lesson plans.
Text, and do on.
7. Develop and store your lesson plans on a computer.
8. Schedule the blocks of time your students have to be out of the
room.
9. If possible, schedule challenging and new content early in the
day
10. Always have several sponge activities available for
students to work on.
11. Use colored folders to arrange each day’s lesson
plan and student papers
12. Use a checklist to help organize your lessons.
13. Have materials for the next days lesson ready before
you leave the school.
14. Save a few moments at the end of day to reflect on
your day’s lessons.
LESSON 2

FORMULATING THE
INSTRUCTIONAL
OBJECTIVES
Objectives
• Observe how teachers compose instructional
objectives;
• formulate instructional objectives using the
Bloom’s Taxonomy; and
• determine the components of the DepEd
Curriculum Guide.
 Education Theory
Mager (1984) stated the charateristics of instructional objectives:
 Instructional objectives are specific ,measurable , short term,

observable student behavior . They indicate the desirable

knowledge ,skills , or attitudes to be gain.
 An instructional objective is the focal point of a lesson plan.

Objectives are the foundation upon which you ca build lessons

and assignments and instruction that you can build lessons and
assignment.
 Think of objectives as tools you use to make sure you reach

your goals . They are the arrows you shoot towards your target
(goal).
 Begin with an understanding of the particular
content to which the objectives will relate.
 The purpose of objectives is not to restrict
spontaneity or constraint the vision of education in
the discipline; but to ensure that learning is focus
clearly enough that both students and teacher know
what is going on, and so learning can be
objectively measured.
LESSON 3

Writing Your Lesson Plan

Objective
• Determine the basic parts of a lesson plan
• Write a sample daily lesson plan;
• Discover the daily lesson log.
Education theory
 One of the daily tasks of the teacher is to prepare a
daily lesson plan or sometimes called a learning
plan. For the veteran teachers, writing a lesson plan
is as easy as breathing. But for the beginning
teachers, writing a lesson plan is probably their
greatest challenge.
 According to DepEd Order 42, series of
2016,planning lesson is fundamental to ensuring the
delivery of teaching and learning in schools. These
guidelines aim to support teachers in organizing and
managing their classes and lessons effectively and
efficiently and ensure the achievement of learning
outcomes. Furthermore, preparing lessons through the
Daily Lesson Log(DLL) or Detailed Lesson
Plan(DLP)provides the teacher an opportunity for
reflection on what learners need to learn, how learners
learn, and how best to facilitate the learning process.
 A lesson plan according to Reece and walker
(2003)has two functions:
1. a strategy or plan for teaching and
2. a series of cues to be used during the lesson.

A daily lesson plan does not have a general format.

Some lesson plans follow a certain pattern such as 4A’s
(Activity, Analysis, Abstraction, Application)or 5 E’s
(Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, Evaluate)while
some school customize their lesson plan format.
Basic parts of Lesson Plan

• Instructional Objectives
• Subject matter
• Content
• Learning Resources
• Values Integration
• Procedures; and
• Assignment
Moreover, a daily lesson log is an outline version of a
detailed lesson plan and defined in DepEd Order 42,
series of 2016, as a template teachers use to log parts
of their daily lesson. The DLL covers a day or a
week’s worth of lessons.
LESSON 4

Selecting Appropriate
Teaching Strategies
Objective
• Explain the principles of selecting appropriate
teaching strategies;
• Determine the level of participation on some
teaching strategies; and
• Observe how teachers select and use different
teaching strategies.
Education Theory
Appropriate teaching strategies that are aligned with instructional
objectives and assessment are vital in the success of any
classroom instruction.
The teacher is encouraged to select and use a unique and
interesting teaching strategy.
ARMSTRONG 2013- teaching strategies refer to method used to
help students learn the desired course contents and be able to
develop achievable goals in the future. Teaching strategies
identify the different available learning methods to enable them to
develop the right strategy to deal with the target group identified.
Assessment of Learning capabilities of students provides a pillar
in the development of successful teaching strategy.
Guiding principles in the selection and usage of
appropriate teaching strategies according to Corpuz
and Salandanan (2013)
1. Learning is an active process.
2. The more senses that are involved in learning, the
more and the better learning.
3. Emotion has the power to increase retention and
learning.
4. Learning is meaningful when it is connected to
students’ everyday life.
5. Good teaching goes beyond the recallof information.
6. An integral teaching approach is far more effective
than teaching isolated bits of information.
Here are some common teaching strategies based
on the level of participation of the learners that
we may use in our classes:

TEACHING STRATEGY LEVEL OF

PARTICIPATION
Lecture Low
Demonstration Low/ High
Team teaching Low
Discussion High
Debate High
Question and Answer Medium
Video Medium
Seminar Medium
TEACHING STRATEGY LEVEL OF
PARTICIPATION
Laboratory Medium
Gaming/ Quiz Medium
Brainstorming High
Assignment High
Fieldtrip Medium
Role Play High
Ice Breaker High
Simulation High
Case Study Medium
Project High
LESSON 5

Selecting Appropriate
Instructional Materials
Objective
• determine the different instructional
materials;
• explain the principles in selecting and using
instructional materials; and
• Evaluate instructional material.
Education Theory
In preparing appropriate instructional materials, the use
of all five senses is very significant.

 HEARING- use of audio like cassette recorder and

voice recorder.
 SIGHT- through visual aids like charts and posters,
websites and printed sources like handouts and books
 TOUCH- through resources like specimens and models
 SMELL AND TASTE- lesser extent but can be use in
cookery.
More than one sense can be combined in a visual aid
such a film, a tape-slide presentation, or a web-based
presentation which combines both hearing and sight.
REECE AND WALKER 2003- it is important to
remember that learning materials should be about
creating multimedia-giving students the best possible
opportunity to learn using a range of tools and
techniques.
GUIDING PRINCIPLES IN USING INSTRUCTIONAL
MATERIALS ACCORDING TO CORPUZ AND
SALANDANAN 2013

 All instructional materials are aids to instruction.

They do not replace the teacher.
 Choose the instructional materials that best suits
your instructional objectives.
 If possible, use a variety of tools.
 Check out your instructional materials before class
starts to be sure if it is working properly.
Thank You!