Thermodynamics

Revision1
Dr.Eng./ Umro Mostafa
 Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics
-the branch of physical science that deals with the relations between heat and other forms of energy (such
as mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy), and, by extension, of the relationships between all forms of
energy.

Limitations
⚫ Doesn’t give information about the rate of reaction.
⚫ Thermodynamics process are not applicable for micro system such as e–, p+, n etc
⚫ For a system the change in
energy is identical in magnitude
but opposite in sign to the
change in energy of its surrounding.
Types of system
 Types of system
1. Open system :
The type of system where both mass and heat transfer takes place. with surrounding. Example. Boiled water in
an open vessel
2. Closed system :
The type of system where only heat transfer takes place with surrounding but there is no mass transfer. Example.
Boiled water in a closed vessel.
3. Isolated system :
The type of system where neither heat transfer nor mass transfer takes place.
Example. Boiled water in thermo flask.
Point (state) and Path Functions