‫ِبْس ِم ٱِهَّٰلل ٱلَّر ْح َٰم ِن ٱلَّر ِح ِمي‬

Name: Rabiya Sahar

Roll No: 1138/107665
Class: BS-Statistics
Semester: 2nd
Session: 2022 - 2026
Averages and its types
• Arithmetic Mean
• Harmonic Mean
• Geometric Mean
• Median
• Mode
What is average?

What is central
tendency? What is average?
A single value that
The Tendency of the
represents the whole set
observations to cluster in
of the data is called
the central part of the data
average
is called central tendency.
Measure of central tendency
or locations are generally
known as averages
Why we need average?

We use averages as they are useful for comparing differing quantities of the same
category. There are limitations of calculating averages because this does not give any
information about the distribution of a thing between people. For example, the per
capita income does not show the distribution of income.
Qualities of good average

• It is easy to calculate.
• It is easy to understand.
• It is based on all the observations
• Least effected by extreme values
• Calculated in open end and close end frequency distributions.
Types of averages

There are five main types of averages:

1. Arithmetic mean
2. Harmonic mean
3. Geometric mean
4. Median
5. Mode
 Arithmetic mean

Arithmetic mean or Example:

simply mean: It helps the teacher to see
Some of all observations by average height of the
their numbers is called students.
arithmetic mean.
It may correspond to either
population or sample.
Formula:
Population Mean (μ) = ∑X / N
Sample Means (x̄ ) = Σxi / n
Harmonic mean

Reciprocal of arithmetic mean and Example:

reciprocal of values is called harmonic A car driver from point A to B at a speed
mean. of 60km/h and returns from B to A at
Formula: speed 80km/h
Harmonic mean = n / ∑ (1 /x) ; x ≠ 0
Geometric mean
Geometric mean of n positive value is
defined as nth positive root of their
product.
Formula:
GM = n√x₁ · x₂ · ... · xₙ ; x > 0
Example:
The interest rate that may be
attached to any financial
investment or statistical rates of
human population growth.
Median

It tells us about central value. Example:

The value that divide the arranged Median salary helps the employees
data into two equal parts is called know the middle point of their series.
median.
Formula:
(n+1)/2 -th term
 Mode
Most frequent value in the dataset is
called mode.
A dataset may have no mode, one
mode, or more than one mode.
Example:
A collage offers ten different courses
for students, now the courses with
highest number of registered
students will be counted from them
as mode of the data.