Sports Physiology:

Chapter 2
Physical and Health Education
 HUMAN HUMAN
ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY
 Energy Systems
Sports physiology is underpinned by the energy systems. When we exercise our
body is constantly working to supply muscles with enough energy to keep moving.
The way energy is made available to muscles changes depending on the specific
intensity and duration of exercise

Muscle Movement/
Energy
Body Exercise
Energy Systems

What is ATP?
ATP can replenish/recreate in order to maintaining body function.

The process to recreate ATP is called Energy systems.

Generally there are 2 way to recreate ATP: Anaerobically and Aerobically.

Anaerobically:ATP-PC System and Anaerobic Glycolysis.

Aerobically
Energy Systems
● ATP-PC System or Alactic System – ATP and creatine phosphate (CP) are present in
very small amounts in the muscle cells. The system can supply energy very quickly
because oxygen is not needed for the process. No lactic acid is produced in the
process (Alactic)
● Anaerobic Glycolysis or Lactic Acid System uses carbohydrates (glucose) stored in
the muscles as Glycogen. Because no oxygen is required to re-synthesise ATP, energy
is produced quickly. Also because no oxygen is used in the process lactic acid is
produced as an end product.
● Aerobic System – This system uses carbohydrates (glucose/glycogen) and fats to
replenish ATP. Because oxygen is required for the process, energy production takes a
little longer but can continue for a much longer duration. Because of the presence of
oxygen, no lactic acid is produced.
Energy Systems
The energy systems are all working at the same time. However the predominant
Energy System used to re-supply ATP depends on 3 things:

Intensity of exercise. The more intense the exercise, the greater amount of
Anaerobic energy will be used.

Duration of exercise. If the exercise duration is lasts over 3 minutes then the
aerobic system becomes more dominant.

Fitness Level of the athlete/performer.

Level of Intensity

The intensity of doing exercise usually measure by the percentage of our

Maximum Heart Rate.

Max HR = 220 - (your age)

Low Intensity: 30% to 50% of Max HR

Medium Intensity: 50% to 70% of Max HR

High Intensity: 70% to 85% of Max HR

Max Intensity: 85% to 100% of Max HR

Practice measuring heart
rate
LET’S MOVE
HIIT EXERCISE