UNIT 4

Middle Childhood
(The Primary Schooler
 MODULE 18
PHYSICAL
DEVELOPMENT OF
PRIMARY
SCHOOLERS
 Physical growth during the primary school years is slow
but steady.
Physical development involves:
 Having good muscles control and coordination
 Developing eye-hand coordination
 Having good personal hygiene
 Being aware of good safety habits
 Height two inches in a year
 Weight 6.5 lbs or approx. 2.95kgs a year
 Factors to consider
-Genes
-Climate
-Food
-Exercise
-Diseases /Illnesses Medical conditions
 BONES AND MUSCLES
Childhood years are the peak bone-producing years.
Because children's bones have proportionately more
water and protein-like materials and fewer minerals
than adults, ensuring adequate calcium intake help
strengthening
 BONES AND MUSCLES
Children in this stage loves to move a lot they run,
skip, hop, jump, tumble, roll and dance. Unimanual
- require the use of hand Bimanual require the use
of two hands.
Motor development skills include coordination,
balance, speed, agility and power
 BONES AND MUSCLES

Coordination - series of movements organized

and timed to occur in a particular way
Balance - child's ability to maintain equilibrium
or stability in different positions
Static Balance - maintain in fixed position
 BONES AND MUSCLES
Dynamic Balance - maintain while moving
Speed ability to cover great distance in the
shortest possible time
Agility - ability to quickly change or shift the
body's direction
Power - ability to perform a maximum effort in
the shortest possible time
 MODULE 19
COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT OF
PRIMARY
SCHOOLERS
 Jean Piaget's Concrete Operational Stage
Concrete Operation
-It spans from ages 7-11years
-Is the third stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive
development.
-In this stage, children have better understanding of their
thinking skills. Children begin to think logically about
concrete events, but have difficulty understanding abstract
thus most of them still have a hard time in problem-solving
 LOGIC
Inductive Logic
✓ involves thinking from a specific experience to a
general principles.

Deductive Logic
✓ Using a general principle to determine the
outcome of specific event.
 REVERSIBILITY
One of the most important developments in this
stage is an understanding of reversibility, or
awareness that actions can be reversed. An
example of this is being able to reverse the order of
relationships between mental categories
 COGNITIVE MILESTONES
Elementary-aged children learns in
sequential manner, meaning they need to
understand numbers before they can perform a
mathematical equation.
Young primary- aged children can do the following:

✓ can able to speak and express themselves

✓ during play, they practice using the
words and language they learn from school.
✓ they can follow more involved stories
✓ they are learning letters and words
 Information- Processing Skills
Several theorists argue that:
-like a computer, the human mind is a system that can
process information through the application of logical
rules and strategies.
-they also believe that the minds receives information,
performs operations to change its form and content,
stores and locates it and generates responses from it.
 MODULE 20
SOCIO-EMOTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT OF
PRIMARY
SCHOOLERS
 What is socio-emotional development?
According to Reinsberg, professionals
sometimes define healthy socio-emotional
development in young children as early
childhood mental health.
 What is socio-emotional development?
Healthy social-emotional includes the ability to:
- Form and sustain positive relationship.
- Experience, manage, and express emotions.
Social and emotional development means how
children start to understand who they are,
what they are feeling and what to expect when
interacting with others. It is the development
of being able to:
-Form and sustain positive relationships.
-Experience, manage and express emotions.
-Explore and engage with the environment.
Positive social and emotional development is important.
This development influences a child’s self-confidence,
empathy, the ability to develop meaningful and lasting
friendships and partnerships, and a sense of importance
and value to those around him/her. Children’s social and
emotional development also influences all other areas of
development.
Parents and caregivers play the biggest role in
social/emotional development because they offer the
most consistent relationships for their child. Consistent
experiences with family members, teachers and other
adults help children learn about relationships and
explore emotions in predictable interactions.
To nurture your child’s social and
emotional development, it is important that
you engage in quality interactions like
these on a daily basis, depending on the age
of your child:
-Be affectionate and nurturing: hold, comfort, talk and
sing with your baby, toddler and child.

-Help your baby experience joy in “give-and-take”

relationships by playing games like “peek-a-boo.”
Provide your toddler with responsive care, letting them
practice new skills while still providing hands-on help.

Support your child’s developing skills; help him/her, but

don’t do everything for your child, even if it takes longer or
is messy.
Teach social and emotional skills, such as
taking turns, listening and resolving
conflict.
 Thank
you!
"The more you know yourself, the more
patience you have for what you see in others." -
Erick Erickson