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In Vtro Drug Interaction
In Vtro Drug Interaction
In Vtro Drug Interaction
INTERACTIONS
THE INCOMPATIBILITIES
01
Introduction
In vitro drug interactions
may be defined as those
interactions which occur
outside the body.
IN VITRO DRUG INTERACTIONS
I. PHYSICAL INCOMPATIBILITIES
II. CHEMICAL INCOMPATIBILITIES
III. THERAPEUTIC INCOMPATIBILITIES
PHYSICAL INCOMPATIBILITIES
When two or more than two substances are combined, a
physical change takes place, and an unacceptable product is
formed. Interaction between two or more substances which
may lead to change in color, odor, taste, viscosity and
morphology. It is also called as pharmaceutical incompatibility
MANIFESTATIONS OF PHYSICAL
INCOMPATIBILITY
Change in PH
Milling
Surfactant
Chemical reaction
Complex formation
Co-solvent
A.
The following factors affect the solubility of prescribed
agent in vehicle and may render it less soluble
Any change in previous factors may lead to precipitation of drugs and
change in their properties
Substances like chalk, acetyl salicylic acid, succinyl sulphathiazole, zinc
oxide, and calamine are the common examples of in diffusible solids.
Some tinctures containing resins or chlorophyll may provide precipitation
when added to the aqueous system
A. EXAMPLE PRESCRIPTION
MIXTURE OF PREPARED CHALK
MIXTURE OF PREPARED
CHALK
Incomplete mixing
Addition of surfactant with;
-Unsuitable concentration
-False time of addition
-Unsuitable for the type of emulsion
Presence of micro – organisms
-Some bacteria grow on constituents of mixture
B. EXAMPLE PRESCRIPTION
Castor oil emulsion Causes: In this prescription castor oil is
Rx
immiscible with water due to high interfacial
Castor oil – 15ml tensions, which is a sign of incompatibility.
Water – 60ml
Example:
• Resins are insoluble in water Alcoholic solution of resins + water
=precipitated resins.
• Aqueous dispersions of hydrophilic colloids (polysaccharide mucilage
+ high concentration of alcohol or salts) =precipitated colloids.
C. EXAMPLE PRESCRIPTION
Lotion of compound tincture of Causes: Tincture benzoin compound
benzoin contain resins. This change in solvent
Rx system results in an unavoidable
Tincture benzoin compound – 5g precipitate.
Glycerin – 10ml Remedy: Addition of tincture with rapid
Rose water up to 100ml stirring yields a fine colloidal
dispersion. So there is no need of any
suspending agents.
D. Liquefaction
• When certain low melting point solids are mixed together, a liquid or
soft mass know as eutectic mixture is produced. This occurs due to
the lowering of the melting point of the mixture to below room
temperature and liberation of hydrates .
• If such conditions take place, compounding such powders becomes
difficult since the ultimate mixture turns to liquid. The medicaments
showing this type of behavior are camphor, menthol, phenol, thymol,
chloral hydrate, aspirin, sodium salicylates, etc……
D. EXAMPLE PRESCRIPTION
Mercury
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and
the smallest one in the Solar System—it’s
only a bit larger than the Moon
Venus
Venus has a beautiful name and is the
second planet from the Sun. It’s hot and has
a poisonous atmosphere
OCCURANCE
Chemical incompatibilities occur, due to the
chemical properties of drugs and additive like;
Double
Double
pH
pH change
change decomposition
decomposition
Oxidation-reduction
Oxidation-reduction Complex
Complex
reactions
reactions formation
formation
Acid-base
Acid-base
hydrolysis
hydrolysis
A picture is worth
a thousand words
Clinical trial
A
A B
B C
C D
D EE
Preclinical Results
Jupiter is the biggest Saturn is a gas giant with
planet of them all several rings
Phase 1
20-80 participants
Mainly female
Secondary Venus ha extremely
Effects high temperatures
Venus
60%
60% Venus has a
beautiful name
Mars
60%
60% Mars is actually
a cold place
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
Results
Experiment A Experiment B
Outcome Outcome
987,345 Jupiter
Jupiter is a gas giant
02
02 Jupiter is a
gas giant
Mercury Mars
Mercury is the Despite being
closest planet red, Mars is
to the Sun very cold
Venus Jupiter
Venus is the Jupiter is the
second planet biggest planet
from the Sun of them all
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