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Transformer Testing
Transformer Testing
Routine Tests.
Measurement of Insulation Resistance.
Measurement of winding resistance.
Measurement of voltage/Turns ratio.
Vector Group/Polarity check
Measurement of No-load Loss and No load current
Measurement of impedance voltage, short circuit
Impedance and Load Loss.
Induced Over-Voltage Withstand Test.
Separate Source Voltage Withstand Test.
TESTS ON TRANSFORMERS.
Special Tests
Measurement of Capacitance and Tan
Delta.
Measurement of Zero Sequence Impedance
Measurement of Acoustic Noise Level
Measurement of Partial Discharge.
Measurement of Unbalance Current.
ROUTINE TESTS
Measurement of Insulation Resistance.
Purpose:
I = Ic + Ia + I lc + I ls
Purpose:
To check the polarity of single phase transformers
Instruments:
Single phase Auto transformer
Voltmeter / Multi meter.
Connecting Cables
Procedure:
Short H1 of the HV winding to the adjacent terminal X1of the LV
winding.
Apply any convenient A.C Voltage say about 100 V on HV Winding
H1 and H2
Measure Voltage between H2 & X2
Conditions:
If H1 H2 < H2 X2 Additive Polarity.
If H1 H2 > H2 X2 Subtractive Polarity.
ROUTINE TESTS
Vector Group Verification
Purpose:
To check the Vector Group of three phase transformers
Instruments:
Three phase Auto transformer
Voltmeter / Multi meter.
Connecting Cables.
Procedure:
Short 1U of HV winding to the terminal 2u of LV winding.
Apply any convenient 3 phase A.C Voltage say about 400 V on HV winding.
Voltages 1U-2n, 1V-2n, 1W-2w, 1W-2v, 1V-2w and 1V-2v are measured
Check whether the Voltages measured are satisfying the conditions for respective
vector group.
Conditions for Dyn 11:
1V-2w = 1V-2v
1W-2w < 1W-2v
1U-2n + 1V-2n
ROUTINE TESTS
Measurement of Winding Resistance
Purpose:
To calculate I2 R loss of the winding.
Proper crimping, brazing and other connections can be ensured.
Whether conductors used in winding are as per the designed cross section or
not can be verified.
Instruments:
Transformer Winding Resistance meter / Ohm meter.
Kelvin Bridge / Wheatstone Bridge
Connecting Cables
Procedure:
Record the top oil temperature of the transformer.
Connect current cable and potential cable of the instrument to the winding
under test.
Switch on the instrument and record the reading displayed by the instrument.
Convert the Resistance value to the reference temperature
Compare with the design value.
ROUTINE TESTS
Measurement of No load loss and No Load Current
Purpose:
To assess the efficiency of the transformer.
To estimate energy loss in the transformer.
High no load current is an indicative of inter turn/inter layer
insulation failure
Instruments:
Auto Transformer
Voltmeters, Ammeters, Watt meters and Frequency meter / Digital
Power Analyzer.
Connecting cables.
Procedure:
Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
Keep the HV winding open circuited
The LV is supplied with a single/three phase, reasonably sinusoidal
voltage equal to rated voltage and rated frequency.
Record the no load current and no load loss.
Compare with the guaranteed values.
ROUTINE TESTS
Measurement of Load Loss and Impedance.
Purpose:
To assess the efficiency and regulation of the transformer
To estimate the energy loss in the transformer
Instruments:
Auto Transformer
Voltmeters, Ammeters, Watt meters / Frequency meter Thermometer
/ Digital Power Analyzer.
Connecting cables/ Shorting links
Procedure:
Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
Keep the LV winding short circuited
Inject rated current on the HV winding.
Record the Load loss and Impedance Voltage.
Record the top oil temperature.
Convert the load loss and impedance to reference temperature.
Compare with the guaranteed values.
Calculate efficiency and regulation for various load and power
factor.
ROUTINE TESTS
DIELECTRIC TESTS
These tests are to be conducted only after all other tests are conducted
successfully.
High Voltage Power Frequency Withstand test.
Purpose:
To ensure sufficient clearance between the windings and between
winding and earth.
To check the adequacy of main insulation to earth and between
winding
Instruments:
High Voltage Test set
Procedure:
Short all line terminals of winding under test.
The line terminals of the other winding and the tank are connected
together to earth.
ROUTINE TESTS
DIELECTRIC TESTS
Procedure:
Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
Keep the HV winding open circuited
The LV is supplied with a single/three phase, reasonably sinusoidal
voltage equal to twice the rated voltage at twice the rated frequency
for 60 seconds.
ROUTINE TESTS
DIELECTRIC TESTS
Purpose:
To confirm that the temperature rise of the windings and oil does not
exceed the specified limits under normal service conditions.
Instruments:
Auto Transformer
Voltmeters, Ammeters, Watt meters, Thermometers, Current
Transformers and Potential Transformers.
Connecting cables/ Shorting links
Procedure:
Direct loading method
One winding of the transformer is excited at rated voltage while the
other is connected to a suitable load such that the rated currents flow
in both the winding.
TYPE TEST
Temperature Rise Test