FIRST AID

OBJECTIVES
01 02 03
First Aid Rules Application of Application
First Aid of First Aid
 WHAT IS
FIRST AID ?
 WHAT IS FIRST AID ?
First aid is the immediate help and care given to someone
who is injured or suddenly becomes ill. It's the basic
assistance provided to preserve life, prevent the situation
from getting worse, and aid in recovery until professional
medical help arrives.
 WHAT IS THE
PURPOSE OF FIRST
AID ?
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF
FIRST AID ?
The simple purpose of first aid is to:

Save Lives: To help injured or ill individuals and prevent their

condition from worsening, ultimately saving lives.

Reduce Suffering: To provide immediate care, comfort, and

relief to those in distress.

Prevent Further Harm: To take actions that prevent additional

injuries or complications.
 PHASES OF FIRST AID
Assess: First, check the situation for safety, and see if the
person responds and is breathing. Call for professional help
if needed.

Evaluate: After ensuring safety, examine the person for

injuries or illnesses, and decide what needs immediate
attention.

Care: Provide appropriate first aid treatment based on

you"stoppage of breathing" means when a person is not
breathing, which is a critical and life-threatening situation
that requires immediate help or intervention to restore their
FIRSTAID
RULES
 FIRST AID RULES
01

Do not get excited.

 FIRST AID RULES

02 Do not move injured victim unless it is

necessary
 FIRST AID RULES

Keep the victim lying down with his

head level with his feet while being
examined
03
 FIRST AID RULES

Keep the victim warm and comfortable

04
 FIRST AID RULES
05
Examined the victim gently
 FIRST AID RULES

Avoid allowing the victim to see his

06 own injury.
 FIRST AID RULES

Do not try to give any solid or liquid

substance by mouth to an unconscious
victim.
07
 FIRST AID RULES

Do not touch open wounds or burns

with fingers.

08
 FIRST AID RULES
09
Do not try to arouse an unconscious
person.
 FIRST AID RULES

Seek medical attention immediately.

10
APPLICATION
OF FIRSTAID
STOPPAGE OF
BREATHING
 Definition:

Stoppage of
Stoppage of breathing means when a person is not
breathing, which is a critical and life-threatening
situation that requires immediate help or intervention

Breathing to restore their ability to breathe.

Causes:
However, the reason for a stoppage of breathing is
usually something blocking the airway, a problem
with the heart, a severe medical issue like an allergic
reaction or drug overdose, or a situation like
drowning. It's a critical situation that needs immediate
help to get the person breathing again.
 STOPPAGE OF BREATHING
1. If someone is having breathing difficulty, call your local
emergency number right away.
2. Check the person’s airway, breathing, and pulse. If
needed, begin Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR).
3. Loosen any tight clothing.
4. Help the person use any prescribed medicine (an asthma
inhaler or home oxygen).
5. Continue to monitor the person’s breathing and pulse
until medical help arrives. DO NOT assume that the
person’s condition is improving if you can no longer hear
abnormal breath sounds, such as wheezing.
6. If there are open wounds in the neck or chest, they must
be closed immediately, especially if air bubbles appear in
the wound. Bandage such wounds at once.
 STOPPAGE OF BREATHING
7. A “sucking” chest wound allows air to enter the person’s
chest activity with each breath. This can cause a collapsed
lung. Bandage the wound with plastic wrap, a plastic bag, or
gauze pads covered with petroleum jelly, sealing it except one
corner. This allows trapped air to escape from the chest, but
prevents air from entering chest through the wound.
8. Do not give the person food or drink.
9. Do not move the person if there has been a head, neck,
chest or airway injury, UNLESS it is absolutely necessary.
Protect the neck if the person must be moved.
10. Do not place a pillow under the person’s head. This can
close the airway.
11. Do not wait to see if the person’s condition improves
before getting medical help. Get help immediately.
Severe Bleeding
 Definition:

SEVERE severe bleeding is when a person loses a lot of blood due

to an injury, medical condition, or other factors. It's a

BLEEDING
critical situation that can lead to serious harm or death if
not treated promptly.

Causes:
• Injury: Severe bleeding often happens because of injuries like deep cuts, accidents, or
falls.
• Medical Conditions: Certain health issues, like bleeding disorders or stomach ulcers,
can lead to severe bleeding.
• Medications: Blood-thinning medications may cause excessive bleeding if not used
correctly.
• Surgery: Sometimes, surgeries can lead to unexpected bleeding complications.
• Childbirth: Severe bleeding can occur during or after childbirth in some cases.
STOPPAGE OF BREATHING
1.Remove any clothing or debris on the wound but don’t remove large or deeply embedded objects. Don’t probe the wound or
attempt to clean it yet. Your first job is to stop the bleeding.
2. Stop the bleeding. Place a sterile bandage or clean cloth on the wound. Press the bondage firmly with your palm to control
bleeding. Apply constant pressure until the bleeding stops. Maintain pressure by binding the wound with a thick bandage or a
piece of clean cloth. Don’t put direct pressure on an eye injury or embedded object. Secure the bandage with adhesive tape or
continue to maintain pressure with your hands. If possible, raise an injured limb above the level of the heart.
3. Help the injured person lie down. If possible, place the person on a rug or blanket to prevent loss of body heat. Calmly
reassure the injured person.
4. Don’t remove the gauze or bandage. If the bleeding seeps through the gauze of other cloth on the wound, add another
bandage on top of it. And keep pressing firmly on the area.
5. A tourniquet is effective in controlling life-threatening bleeding from a limb. Apply a tourniquet IF you’re trained how to do
so. When emergency help arrives, explain how long the tourniquet has been in place.
6. Immobilize the injured body part as much as possible. Leave the bandages in place and get the injured person to an
emergency room as soon as possible.
7. Call emergency medical help for severe bleeding that can’t be controlled.
POISONING
 Definition:
Poison is any substance that, when introduced into or
absorbed by the body, can cause harm or endanger a

POISONING
person's health or life. These substances can have toxic
effects on the body's normal functioning and can lead to
illness, injury, or death.

Causes:
can include things like eating or drinking harmful stuff, breathing in
bad fumes or gases, getting bitten or stung by poisonous creatures,
touching harmful things, or even being exposed to dangerous
radiation or chemicals at work. When someone is poisoned, it's
important to get help right away.
POISONING
1. Call your local emergency help immediately.
2. How you treat someone who may have been poisoned depends on the person’s symptoms, age, and whether you
know the type and amount of the substance that caused poisoning.
• For Swallowed Poisoning – remove anything remaining in the person’s mouth. If the suspected poison is
household cleaner or other chemical, read the container’s label and follow instructions for accidental poisoning.
• For Poison on the Skin – remove any contaminated clothing using gloves. Rinse the skin for 15 to 20 minutes in a
shower or with a hose. 
• For Poison in the Eye – gently flush the eye with cool or lukewarm water for 20 minutes or until help arrives.
• For Inhaled Poison – get the person into fresh air as soon as possible.
3. If the person vomits, turn his or her head to the side to prevent choking.
4. Begin CPR if the person shows no signs of life, such as moving, breathing, or coughing.
5. Have somebody gather pill bottles, packages or containers with labels, and any other information about the poison
to send along with the ambulance team.
SHOCK
 Definition:
Shock is a critical condition brought on by the sudden
drop in blood flow through the body. Shock may result
from trauma, heatstroke, blood loss or an allergic reaction.

SHOCK It also may result from severe infection, poisoning, severe

burns or other causes.

Causes:
• Injuries: Like from accidents or falls, causing blood loss.
• Heatstroke: Getting too hot, especially in hot weather, can make the body's systems fail and lead
to shock.
• Blood Loss: Losing a lot of blood, either from an injury or inside the body, can quickly cause
shock.
• Severe Allergic Reactions: In rare cases, a bad allergy reaction can lead to shock.
• Infections: Serious infections can make the body go haywire and result in shock.
• Poisoning: Swallowing harmful things can cause shock and other serious problems.
• Severe Burns: Serious burns can lead to shock because they cause fluid loss and stress on the
body.
SHOCK
1. If you suspect a person is in shock, call your local emergency number.
2. After calling for help, lay the person down and elevate the legs and feet slightly, unless you think this
may cause pain or further injury.
3. Keep the person still and don’t move him or her unless necessary.
4. Begin CPR if the person shows no signs of life, such as breathing, coughing, or movement.
5. Loosen tight clothing and, if needed, cover the person with a blanket to prevent chilling.
6. Don’t let the person drink or eat anything.
7. If you suspect that the person is having an allergic reaction, and you have access to an epinephrine
autoinjector, use it according to its instructions.
8. If the person is bleeding, hold pressure over the bleeding area using a towel or sheet.
9. If the person vomits or begins bleeding from the mouth, turn him or her onto a side to prevent choking,
unless you suspect a spinal injury.
FRACTURED
BONES
 Definition:
Fractured bones, commonly known as broken bones,

FRACTURED occur when there is a break or crack in the continuity of a

bone. These fractures can range from minor cracks to

BONES severe breaks where the bone may be completely

separated into two or more pieces.

Causes:
This can happen because of things like accidents, falls,
overuse, weak bones due to medical conditions or age,
and sometimes even nutritional issues. When a bone is
fractured, it needs medical attention to heal properly,
which may involve casts, splints, or surgery, depending
on how bad the fracture is.
FRACTURED BONES
1. Call for emergency help immediately.
2. Don’t move the person except if necessary to avoid further injury. Take these actions immediately while
waiting for medical help.
3. Stop the bleeding. Apply pressure to the wound with a sterile bandage, a clean cloth or a clean piece of
clothing.
4. Immobilize the injured area. Don’t try to realign the bone or push a bone that’s sticking out back in. If
you’ve been trained in how to splint and professional help isn’t readily available, apply splints to the area
above and below the fracture sites. Padding the splints can help reduce discomfort.
5. Apply ice packs to limit swelling and help relieve pain. Don’t apply ice directly to the skin. Wrap the ice
in towel, piece of cloth or some other material.
6. Treat for shock. If the person feels faint or is breathing in short, rapid breaths, lay the person down with
the head slightly lower than the trunk and, if possible, elevate the legs.
BURNS
 Definition:
Burns are injuries to the skin or other tissues that occur due to
exposure to various sources of heat, chemicals, electricity,
radiation, or even extreme cold. Burns can range from minor

BURNS injuries with redness and pain to severe, life-threatening

conditions where skin and underlying tissues are damaged.

Causes:
Burns are injuries that happen when the skin or other body
tissues get damaged because of heat (like flames or hot objects),
chemicals (like strong acids), electricity, radiation (like the sun),
cold (frostbite), friction (from rubbing against something), or
inhaling hot smoke or gases during a fire.
TREATING MAJOR BURNS
1. Protect the person from further harm. If you can do so safely, make sure the person you’re helping is not in
contact with the source of the burn. For electrical burns, make sure the power source is off before you
approach the burned person.
2. Make certain that the person burned is breathing. If needed, begin rescue breathing if you know how.
3. Remove jewelry, belts and other restrictive items, especially from around the burned areas and the neck.
Burned areas swell rapidly.
4. Cover the area of the burn. Use a cool, moist bondage or a clean cloth.
5. Don’t immerse large severe burns in water. Doing so could cause a serious loss of body heat (hypothermia).
6. Elevate the burned area. Raise the wound above heart level, if possible.
7. Watch for signs of shock. Signs and symptoms include fainting, pale complexion or breathing in a notably
shallow fashion.
TREATING MINOR BURNS
1. Cool the burn. Hold the burned area under cool (not cold) running water or apply a cool, wet compress until the
pain eases.
2. Remove rings or other tight items from the burned area. Do this quickly and gently, before the area swells.
3. Don't break blisters. Fluid-filled blisters protect against infection. If a blister breaks, clean the area with water (mild
soap is optional). Apply an antibiotic ointment. But if a rash appears, stop using the ointment.
4. Apply lotion. Once a burn is completely cooled, apply a lotion, such as one that contains aloe vera or a moisturizer.
This helps prevent drying and provides relief.
5. Bandage the burn. Cover the burn with a sterile gauze bandage (not fluffy cotton). Wrap it loosely to avoid putting
pressure on burned skin. Bandaging keeps air off the area, reduces pain and protects blistered skin.
6. If needed, take an over-the-counter pain reliever, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), naproxen sodium
(Aleve) or acetaminophen (Tylenol, others).
FAINTING
 Definition:
Fainting, medically known as syncope, is a temporary loss of
consciousness that occurs when there is a brief interruption in

FAINTING
the blood flow to the brain. This loss of consciousness is
typically short-lived, and a person usually regains consciousness
quickly.

Causes:
Fainting can be caused by stress, standing up too quickly when
dehydrated, heart or brain issues (less common), low blood
sugar, or dehydration in hot weather. When someone faints, it's
crucial to ensure their safety, lay them down, and seek medical
attention to determine the specific cause and address any health
concerns.
FAINTING

If you feel faint

1. Lie down or sit down. To reduce the chance of fainting again, don't get up too quickly.
2. Place your head between your knees if you sit down.
FAINTING
If someone else faints
1. Position the person on his or her back. If there are no injuries and the person is breathing, raise
the person's legs above heart level — about 12 inches (30 centimeters) — if possible. Loosen belts,
collars or other constrictive clothing.
2. To reduce the chance of fainting again, don't get the person up too quickly. If the person doesn't
regain consciousness within one minute, call 911 or your local emergency number.
3. Check for breathing. If the person isn’t breathing, begin CPR. Call 911 or your local emergency
number. Continue CPR until help arrives or the person begins to breathe.
4. If the person was injured in a fall associated with a faint, treat bumps, bruises or cuts
appropriately. Control bleeding with direct pressure.
Thank you
very
much!