Disaster risk reduction /

disaster risk management

 Disaster Risk Reduction

Disaster Risk Reduction is an actions taken to reduce the risk

of disasters
and the adverse impacts of natural hazards, through
systematic efforts to
analyze and manage the causes of disasters, including
through avoidance
of hazards, reduced social and economic vulnerability to
hazards, and
improved preparedness for adverse events’
 THE GOAL FOR DRR

The conceptual framework of elements considered with

the possibilities
to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout
a society, to
avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and
preparedness) the adverse
impacts of hazards,
 Steps for Implementing DRR
Strategy
1.Ensure that DRR is a national and local priority with strong
institutional basis
for implementation.
2. Identify, assess, and monitor disaster risks – and enhance
early warning.
3. Use knowledge, innovation, and education to build a
culture of safety and
resilience at all levels.
 Steps for Implementing DRR
Strategy
4. Reduce the underlying risk factors.
5. Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective at all
levels.
Components of Disaster Risk
Reduction
1. Mitigation
- Measures to be taken before and after an event
2. Preparedness
- Measures to be taken before and after an event
Components of Disaster Risk
Reduction

3. Response
Measures to be taken during and immediately after an
event
4. Recovery
- Post disaster measures
 What is Mitigation?

Mitigation is the effort to reduce loss of life and property by

lessening the impact of disasters. It is permanent reduction
of the risk of a disaster. Mitigation lessens the likelihood
and severity of disaster by implementing sustained actions,
such as improved construction practice, to reduce or
eliminate long-term risk to people and property. Mitigation
of hazard impacts reduces the possibility of disaster and
reduces the need for assistance.
What is Mitigation

Mitigation includes recognizing that disasters will occur;

attempts are made to reduce the
harmful effects of a disaster,
Types of Mitigation

1. Primary Mitigation:
Primary mitigation refers to increasing the resistance to
the hazard and reducing
vulnerability.
2. Secondary Mitigation:
Secondary mitigation refers to reducing the effects of the
hazard (preparedness).
Various Approaches / Strategies of
Disaster Mitigation

1) Risk Identification:The first step in disaster

mitigation is to identify areas that are at risk to
hazard.
2) Land-Use Planning: Land-use planning includes the
mapping of disaster prone area which should contain
number of livestock per unit area, crop density,
population density,
 Various Approaches / Strategies of
Disaster Mitigation
3) Structural and Non-Structural: Mitigation measures
may involve construction (e.g. dykes and flood
protection walls, and
also ecosystem-based approaches to flood and erosion
control, such as planting mangrove
Forests.
4) Disaster relief and Rehabilitation:Supply emergency
humanitarian aid to victims for survival and relocate the
peoples whose
residence have been destroyed v
Various Approaches / Strategies of
Disaster Mitigation
5). Disaster Management Training and
Education:Trained up group of personnel need to be
formed in local, national and regional context to
mitigate and reduce disaster risk and damages.
6) Role of Media in Disaster Risk Reduction: Media is
the effective means to circulate the news and bulletins
about hazard warning and
mitigation processes.
Various Approaches / Strategies of
Disaster Mitigation
7) Institutional Capacity Building:Several institutional
bodies are engaged with disaster mitigation processes
such as local
community, organization, local and national
government, NGOs,
2. Disaster Preparedness

Preparedness refers the measures that ensure the organized

mobilization of personnel, funds, equipment, and supplies
within a safe environment for effective relief. Preparedness
lessens the
severity of disasters by preparing people for disaster,
Preparedness Includes:

1) Forecasting and Warning for Different Hazards.

2) Emergency Preparedness
- Organized personnel for monitoring, alert and
evacuation
- Medical team
- Search and rescue team
- Availability of food reserve
- Emergency monetary fund and seed reserve
- Distribution of disaster supplies and equipment
3) Education, Training and Public Awareness
Level of Preparedness
1. Family
2) Community
- Volunteering activities
- Protesting environmental degradation
- Awareness building
- Emergency steps
3) National: Developing principles and laws, executing
rules, funding etc.
4) International / Regional: Seminar, Conference,
Exchange of Technology and knowledge.
3. Response

Disaster response is the implementing phase of the

disaster preparedness step. The focus in the response
phase is on meeting the basic needs of the people until
more permanent and sustainable solutions can be found.
 To be ready for response with capability to provide rapid and efficient
medical, rescue and
emergency supplies, and equipment to those in need, following steps of task
should be
implemented:

1. Mobilization
2. Assessment
3. Requirement Analysis
4. Rescue and Evacuation
5. Emergency Assistance (e.g. medical care, shelter,
distribution of food,
4. Recovery
Disaster recovery (DR) involves a set of policies and
procedures to enable the recovery or
continuation of vital technology infrastructure and
systems following a natural or human induced disaster
 Recovery consists of:
Recovery consists of:
1. Rehabilitation
2. Reconstruction (During reconstruction it is absolutely
necessary to consider mitigation
measures including relocation, land use zoning etc.)
- Rebuilding of house and public buildings
- Financing for rebuilding
- Repair of roads, bridge, water system etc.
3. Psychological counseling
4. Long-term assistance to rebuild the community.