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Adr Final
Adr Final
ADVERSE DRUG
REACTION
了解风险和影响 ///
Understanding the Risks and Implications
药品不良反应分类 药品不良反应的原
药品不良反应的原
2 /// Classification
of ADR
4 因因 ///
/// Causes
Causes of
ADR
ADR
of
介绍 ///
Introduction
01
定义 ///
DEFINITIONS
ADR AND ADE
ADR 和 ADE
定义 /// 药物不良反应 /// ADVERSE
DRUG REACTION
DEFINITION 对有害的和非预期的药物的反应,
并且在通常用于人类预防、诊断或
治 疗 疾 病 的 剂 量 下 发 生 。 ///
response to a drug that is noxious
and unintended, and that occurs
at doses normally used in
humans for prophylaxis ,
diagnosis, or therapy of disease .
定义 /// 药物不良事件 ///
ADVERSE DRUG EVENT
DEFINITION
是患者在使用药物后出现的不良结
果,但可能与药物的使用有关,也
可 能 无 关 。 /// is an adverse
outcome in a patient, which
occurs after the use of a drug, but
which may or may not be linked to
use of the drug.
副作用: /// SIDE-EFFECT
定义 ///
DEFINITION 预期的、众所周知的反应,导
致患者管理变化很小或没有变
化。该效应具有“可预测的频
率 ” 。 /// Expected, well-known
reaction resulting in little or no
change in patient
management. The effect has a
“predictable frequency”.
ADR VS ADE /// ADR 与 ADE
可预防的 ///
无法预防 ///
PREVENTABLE and 无
UNPREVENTABLE 法预防 ///
UNPREVENTABLE
记得! ///
REMEMBER!
QUESTION NO. 1?
A B
D
F E
FAILURE OF 使用结束 /// 延迟 ///
THERAPY /// F END OF USE DELAYED
型:治疗失败
A D TYPES OF ADR /// ADR 的类型
TYPE A: AUGMENTED ///
型 A :增强型
B E
C FF KEY NOTES! /// 关键注意事项!
DOSE DEPENDENT /// 剂量依赖性
PREDICTABLE /// 可预测的
COMMON /// 普通的
REPRODUCIBLE /// 可再现
A EXAMPLES /// 例
SUBTYPES /// 亚型
o IDIOSYNCRATIC /// 特质的
o HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION /// 超敏 反应
///
B o SUBTYPES: IDIOSYNCRATIC/// 亚型:特异型
EXAMPLE:
Carcinogenicity /// 致癌性
Teratogens /// 致畸剂
D
TYPES OF ADR /// ADR 的类型
A B
D
F E
FAILURE OF 使用结束 /// 延迟 ///
THERAPY /// F END OF USE DELAYED
型:治疗失败
ACTIVITY 2: ENUMERATE THE 6 TYPES OF
ADR.
A AUGMENTED
增强的 D DELAYED
延迟
B BIZZARE
很奇怪 E END OF USE
使用结束
FAILURE OF
C
CONTINUOUS
连续的 F THERAPY
治疗失败
ACTIVITY 3: IDENTIFY WHAT TYPE OF
ADR /// 活动 3 :确定 ADR 的类型
1.ACE inh → COUGH /// ACE INH → 咳嗽 A
2.Penicillin → Anaphylaxis/ allergy /// 青霉素→过敏反 B
应 / 变态反应
不需要治疗、解毒剂或延长住院时间
需要改变药物治疗、特定治疗或延长住院时间至少 1 天。
可能危及生命,造成永久性损伤或需要强化治疗
直接或间接导致患者死亡
3
Risk factors /// 风
险因素
RISK 性别
44 性别 ///
/// GENDER
GENDER
FACTORS /// 风
险因素
1 年龄
年龄 ////// AGE
AGE 共病条件
共病条件 ///
/// COMORBID
55 COMORBID
CONDITIONS
CONDITIONS
治疗持续时间
治疗持续时间 //////
33 DURATION
DURATION OF
OF 77 遗传学
遗传学 ///
/// GENETICS
GENETICS
THERAPY
THERAPY
11 年龄
年龄 ///
/// AGE
AGE
The very young and the very old are particularly vulnerable to ADRs. Young
children, especially neonates, lack fully developed organs for drug metabolism
and elimination. As children grow, drug dosing can be affected by changes in
bodyweight, drug distribution, and drug elimination. Age-related changes in body
composition and organ function, such as decreased liver and kidney function,
and increased sensitivity to medications predispose the elderly patient to drug
toxicity. Additionally, this population tends to use more drugs and have more
illnesses than younger age groups./// 年龄很小和很大的人特别容易受到药物不良反
应的影响。幼儿,尤其是新生儿,缺乏发育完全的药物代谢和消除器官。随着儿童的成
长,药物剂量会受到体重变化、药物分布和药物消除的影响。与年龄相关的身体成分和器
官功能的变化,如肝肾功能下降,对药物的敏感性增加,使老年患者易发生药物毒性。此
外,与年轻群体相比,这一人群往往使用更多的药物,患有更多的疾病。 ///
SPECIAL POPULATIONS /// 特殊人群
• Comorbidity /// 共病
Polypharmacy /// 多药治疗
GERIATRICS /// 老年病学 •
• Pharmacokinetics 药代动力学
• Less functional organs /// 功能器官较少
Here are a few reasons why gender is included as a risk factor for
ADRs: /// 以下是将性别列为 ADR 风险因素的几个原因:
1 年龄
年龄 ///
/// AGE
AGE 共病条件
共病条件 ///
/// COMORBID
55 COMORBID
CONDITIONS
CONDITIONS
治疗持续时间
治疗持续时间 //////
33 DURATION
DURATION OF
OF 77 遗传学
遗传学 ///
/// GENETICS
GENETICS
THERAPY
THERAPY
ACTIVITY 3:
GIVE ATLEAST 3
RISK FACTORS
ASSOCIATED
WITH ADR.
给出至少 3 个与
ADR 相关的危险因
素。
4
CAUSES OF ADR
// 药品不良反应的
原因
常见原因
常见原因 ///
/// COMMON
COMMON
CAUSES
CAUSES
Overdosing 用药过量
2. What is the best management plan, and should this patient ever
receive naproxen again?
2. 最好的管理方案是什么,这个病人是否应该再次接受萘普生?
QUESTION AND ANSWER
1. If this is an ADR, what type of reaction is it and what is the diagnosis?
1. 如果这是 ADR ,它是什么类型的反应,诊断是什么?
停用致病药物至关重要,这有时足以使肾功能恢复到基线值,并消除发热和皮疹的
全身症状。在监测肾功能的同时,短期( 5-7 天)口服大剂量皮质类固醇可能会加
速恢复,并将进一步的肾毒性降至最低。除非在严重疾病中使用其益处远远超过与
使用该药物相关的风险,否则不应再次用于该患者。
TAKEAWAYS!
REMEMBER! “all ADRs are ADEs, but not all
ADEs will be ADRs.”
记得! “所有 ADR 都是 ADE ,但并非所有 ADE
都是 ADR”
REMEMBER! “ABCDEF” (Types of ADR).
记得!“ ABCDEF” ( ADR 类型)。
REMEMBER! “ACID” (Types of hypersensitivity
reactions)
记得!“ ACID” (超敏反应的类型)
谢谢你
们 ///
Thank
You
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