GROUP PROJECT

Presented by P<T<L
 Our Team

Ahra Pacatang Aubrey Limasa

Bianca Tejada
 NATURE OF LIGHT
Electromagnetic waves are waves that are capable of
traveling through a vacuum. Unlike mechanical waves
that require a medium in order to transport their energy.
Electromagnetic waves are produced by a vibrating
electric charge and as such, they consist of both an
electric and a magnetic component.
Electromagnetic Wave
Rays of light can be:
 REFLECTION
Reflection of light is the change in direction of light after hitting
a surface. The ray that is approaching the surface is the incident
ray; the ray that leaving the surface id the reflected ray. A broken
line perpendicular to the surface is the normal. The angle in
between the normal line and the incident ray is called the angle if
incidence and denoted by Өј. The angle between the reflected
ray and the normal line is the angle of reflection.
Reflection of light
Two types of Reflection
Specular Reflection – is the reflection at a certain
angle from a very smooth surface. Reflected rays
are all parallel to one another.

Diffuse Reflection – is the scattered reflection from

a rough surface. Reflected rays travel in random
direction.
REFRACTION

Refraction of light is the change in direction of light

passing from one medium to another caused by its
change in speed. The bending of light is associated
with the absolute index of refraction of the medium
which is calculated as:
n = Absolute index of REFRACTION
c = Speed of light in a VACUUM
v = Speed of light in MATERIAL
Behavior of the Refraction of Light:

 The change in direction of light ray depends on how

the speed of light changes.
 The change in speed of light is related to the indices
of refraction of the media involved.
 The amount that a light ray changes its direction
depends both on incident angle and the amount that
the speed changes.
LAW of REFRACTION ( Snell’s Law)

Incident and refracted rays and the normal line in the

same plane.

=
LAW of REFRACTION ( Snell’s Law)

n₁- index of refraction of medium 1

n₂ - index of refraction of medium 2
Ө₁ - angle between the incident ray and normal
line
Ө₂ - angle between the refracted ray and normal
line
TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
Total internal reflection can occur only for light traveling
from a medium with higher index of refraction into a
medium with lower index of refraction (e.g. water to air). At
an angle of incidence equal to critical angle there is no
refracted light as shown in the ray b. As the angle of
incidence exceeds the critical angle as for ray c, all the light
will be reflected in medium 1. The critical angle may be
solved using:
DISPERSION
When a narrow beam of white light enters a triangular glass
block called prism, the beam splits into the different range of
colors called the spectrum. The process by which light is
separated into its color due to differences in degrees of
refraction is called dispersion. The speed of light in vacuum is
the same for all wavelengths, but the speed in a material
substance is different for different wavelengths. Therefore, the
index of refraction of a material depends on wavelength.
Question
Time