IABHNAYAN _ AN_A_RUZ _ _

DNASU

_ _EP__Y R A _ _ _A N
BAYANIHAN SANTACRUZAN

UNDAS

JEEPNEY RAMADAN
HUMAN CULTURAL VARIATION,

SOCIAL DIFFERENCES, SOCIAL CHANGE

AND POLITICAL IDENTITIES

Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be
able to:
a. Explain the importance of studying culture, society
and politics.
b. Discuss observations on human cultural variation,
social differences, social change and political
identities.
c. Acknowledge cultural variations, social differences
and political identities through sharing.
1. What influences gender, socio-economic class,
ethnicity , religion and nationality of a person?
politics?

2. How do people act according to the given

differences?
 Analysis:

a. What is your realization of your answers?

b. Does the given subjects affect cultural

variations and social differences?
Culture and Human Cultural Variation
- Culture is what has been cultivated. It is the product
of many years of continuous history and civilization
of a people.

- It is essentially what has grown from the minds and

creativity of a group of people that share a common
heritage.

- The cultural variation among individuals arises

because of the influences they have been subjected
to.
These influences are of two categories:
a. Those that act in the early stages of one’s
formation.
b. Those that arise later as a results of education,
reading, travel, and the like.

Cultural Variation refers to the differences or

diversities in the ways of living of people.
- These diversities are brought about in the way
people meet respond to their biological and
psychological needs and the manner on how they
adapt to their environment.
- Geography, climate, social conditions and natural
resources can influence or bring about cultural
variation.

Dimensions of Culture
• Aesthetic Dimension – This includes language,
literature, art, poetry, music, dance, festivals, cuisine,
etc. The esthetic dimension gives color, enrichment,
and enjoyment to a people. It may be shared with
outsiders.
• Moral Dimension – This consists of the values, laws,
and ethical framework that underlie a culture. The
moral dimension usually stems from the traditional
religious roots of people, and over the ages it could
become independent of its religious roots.
Society – refers to a group of people sharing their own
culture.
- It is a network of relationships between people. A
society may be a particular or distinct people.
- It is a grouping of individuals that is characterized by
patterns of relationships between individuals having
distinct culture.
- Society may also refer to organized or formalized
association of people whether it is religious, cultural,
scientific, political, civic clubs or other purposes.
Social Differences – It is all of the ways that people
within a single culture are set apart from each other.
- Elements of social differences can include ethnicity,
lifestyle, religion, language, tastes and preferences.
Social Change – It refers to changes in social
structure, like role or status of a person. It also refers
to modification or improvements made in a certain
living style.
Two important ways by which societies change:
a. By invention or discovery of new elements or ideas
within a society.
b. By diffusion or borrowing of cultural elements, traits
or patterns from other societies.
Theories of Social Change
 Evolutionary Theory – This theory is primarily
characterized by cumulative change and directed towards
increased complexity and adaptability.
It is influenced by Charles Darwin’s theory of biological
evolution or natural selection.
 Equilibrium Theory – This theory is characterized by the
concept that society is a social systems having structure
with many parts. It is complex, integrated and mutually
interrelated. Each part is functionally interdependent.
 Conflict Theory – This theory views conflict as the basic
cause of all social and political change. The need is the
primary motive of action. Thus according to Karl Marx,
social classes are continually in conflict with one another
for economic reason.
Sources of Social Change
a. Natural Environment – Changes in the natural
environment are common. A drastic change or
occurrence brought about by natural influences can
cause people to make appropriate or practical
response to or within their society.
b. Population – The size, composition or distribution
of population can affect society and culture.
c. Conflict – Conflict is another source of change. It
is assumed that change is endemic to all social
organizations.
d. Ideas – From a mere idea, change can happen.
Ideas can bring about the emergence of a new
social order.
e. Collective Behavior – It refers to the social
behavior that is unplanned, temporary, emotional
and somewhat unpredictable. It refers to crowd
behavior, mob, riots, panics and social movements.

Political Identities
- Identity is often thought of as the expression of an
individual’s belief system and social affiliations.
Political identity is almost always associated with a
group affiliation and describes the ways in which
being a member of a particular group might
express specific political opinions and attitudes.
Significance of Studying Culture, Society and
Politics
 It develops people’s awareness of cultural, social
and political dynamics and sensitivity to cultural
diversity.
 It provides understanding of how culture, human
agency, society and politics works.
 It engages people in examining the country’s current
human development goals.
 It allows people to recognize cultural relativism and
to overcome prejudices.
 It develops people’s social and cultural competence
to guide their interactions with groups, communities,
networks and institutions.
Application:

1. In your own words, what is culture? society? and

politics?
2. What affects cultural variations and social
differences?
3. What is the importance of studying, culture, society
and politics?
Evaluation:
A. Write a reaction paper based on your
understanding and acknowledgement of cultural
variations, social differences and political identities.
Rubrics:
Form 20% (Grammar, Organization and
Craftsmanship)
Content 30% (Main Idea/s and Supporting
Ideas)
Impression 50% (Prognosis and Personal
Reaction)
Assignment:
1. Deepen you understanding about social change by
watching videos from Youtube or television news
and write an observation of the video or television
news you have watched in a ½ sheet of paper.
2. Make a research on the definitions of the following:
Write your answers on your notebook.
a. Anthropology
b. Sociology
c. Political Science