CHAPTER 3

STATICS OF RIGID BODY

DAM 13403 - Statics

Lecture By,
Hafsa binti Mohammad Noor
University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
STATIC OF RIGID BODY
3.1 Moment of force
3.2 Cross product
3.3 Moment of couple
3.4 Equivalent system of moment of couple
3.5 Free body diagram in 2D and 3D
3.6 Support reaction and connection in 2D and 3D structures
3.7 Two and three force members
3.8 Equilibrium of rigid body in 2D and 3D

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3.1 Moment of force

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APPLICATION

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 Moment of a force – Scalar
Formulation
When a force is applied to a body, it will produce a
tendency for the body to rotate about a point that is
not on the line of action of the force.
This tendency to rotate is sometimes called a
torque, but most often it is called the moment of a
force or simply the moment.

 e.g. Consider a wrench used to unscrew the bolt. If a force

is applied to the handle of the wrench it will tend to turn the
bolt about point O (or the z axis)
 The magnitude of the moment at point O is directly
proportional to the magnitude of F and the perpendicular
distance of arm d. The larger the force or the longer the
moment arm, the greater the moment or turning effect.

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Hence, the magnitude of the moment is

Mo = F*d
where,
F = is force applied
d = is the moment arm or perpendicular distance
from the axis at point O to the line of action of
these force
Unit of moment is N.m

* The right-hand rule is used to establish the sense of

direction of Mo.
* The direction of Mo is either clockwise or counter-
clockwise depending on the tendency for rotation.
*In this case, the rotation tendency is counter-
clockwise.
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Resultant Moment can be determined by simply
adding the moments of all forces algebraically By default, positive moments as
since all the moment vectors are collinear. counter-clockwise while clockwise
moment will be negative.
+ (MR)o = ∑ F.d
(M )o = F1d1 + F2d2 + F3d3
R

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 EXAMPLE - 1

Determine the moment of the force at Figure 4-4(a), (b) and (c) about point O.

Solution:

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 Moment of a force – Vector
Formulation
The moment of a force F about point O, or actually about
the moment axis passing through O and perpendicular to the
plane containing O and F (Figure-a), can be expressed using
vector cross product namely

Mo = r x F
where,
r = represents a position vector directed from O to any point
on the line of action of F.

So, the magnitude of the cross product are;

MO = r F sin θ = F (r sin θ) = F.d

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PRINCIPLE OF MOMENTS
 A concept often used in mechanics is the principle of moments which is also known as
Varignon’s Theorem.
 This theorem states that; “The moment of a force about a point is equal to the sum of the
moments of the components of the forces about the point”

Since, F = F1 + F2, Also, the moment using scalar analysis can be

determine as;
So, MO = r x F = r x (F1 + F2) = r x F1 + r x F2
M O = Fx y + Fy x

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 EXAMPLE - 2

Given: A 400 N force is applied to

the frame and  = 20°.
Find: The moment of the force at A.

Plan:
1) Resolve the force along x and y axes.
2) Determine MA using scalar analysis.

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 Fx = 400 cos 20°

Fy = 400 sin 20°

Solution:
+ MA = {(400 cos 20°)(2) + (400 sin 20°)(3)} N·m
= 1160 N·m

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 EXAMPLE - 3

Given: A 40 N force is applied to the

wrench.
Find: The moment of the force at O.

Plan:
1) Resolve the force along x and y axes.
2) Determine MO using scalar analysis.

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 Fx
=4
0s
in 2
0°

°
20
os
0c
Solution:
=4
Fy

+ MO = {(40 sin 20°)(30) - (40 cos 20°)(200) }N·mm

= -7107 N·mm
= -7.11 N·m
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Homework Tutorial

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Question 1 (4-4):

Determine the magnitude and

directional sense of the resultant
moment of the forces A and B
about point O.
=6m =40kN
=45°
=3m

3m= =13m
=5m

=6m
=30°
=60kN

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Question 2 (4-5):

Determine the magnitude

and directional sense of
the resultant moment
of the forces A and B
=6m =40kN
about point P.
=45°
=3m

3m= =13m
=5m

=6m
=30°
=60kN

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Question 3 (4-31):

The worker is using the bar to pull

two pipes together in order to
complete the connection.
If he applies a horizontal force F to
the handle of the lever, determine
the moment of this force about the
end A.
What would be the tension T in the
cable needed to cause the opposite
moment about point A.

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END
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