RESPIRATORY

SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

PARTS OF THE HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

Consists of:
Nose
Nasal cavities
Pharynx
Larynx
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT

Consists of:
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT

Trachea (windpipe)
-main passageway of
the lungs
-flexible to keep the
passageway open for air
(surrounded by rings of
cartilage)
-Has cilia lining and
mucus – trap dust
particles and bacteria
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT

Bronchi- branching
from the trachea, are
the primary
passageway for air to
get into the lungs
Bronchioles-
branching from
the trachea, are the
primary passageway
for air to get into
the lungs
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT

Bronchioles-
smallest airways
within the lungs
that are not
encircled by any
cartilage are
called
bronchioles
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT

Alveoli
- tiny balloon shaped
structures and are the
smallest passageway
in the respiratory
system.

- function it is to
exchange oxygen and
carbon dioxide
molecules to and from
the bloodstream.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

STRUCTURE FUNCTION

warms, moistens, & filters air as it is

1 cavity
nose / nasal
inhaled

pharynx (throat) passageway for air, leads to trachea

5
the voice box, where vocal chords are
larynx
7 located

keeps the windpipe "open"

trachea is lined with fine hairs called
3
trachea (windpipe)
cilia which filter air before it reaches the
lungs

two branches at the end of the trachea,

6
bronchi
each lead to a lung

a network of smaller branches leading from

bronchioles
4 the bronchi into the lung tissue &
ultimately to air sacs

the functional respiratory units in the lung

alveoli
2 where gases are exchanged
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Mechanisms of Gas Exchange

Breathing-
physical action
of taking
oxygen into
and releasing
the waste
carbon dioxide
out of the lungs
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Two Phases of Breathing

Inspiration Expiration
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Breathing Rate
MEDULLA
OBLONGATA –
part of the
human brain that
regulates
breathing rate
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Sneeze, Cough and Hiccup (video)

 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Internal Respiration
Internal Gas exchange
Respiration in capillaries
– process of diffusing with body
oxygen from the cells
blood, into the
interstitial fluid and
into the cells.
- waste and carbon
dioxide are also
diffused the other
direction, from the
cells to the blood.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

External Respiration
External
respiration
- gas exchange in
alveoli with
capillaries
GROUP WORK
 GROUP ARRANGEMENT
PODIUM
6 9
1 4 LUNG
COMMON COLD ASTHMA
COPD CANCER

2 7
TUBERCULOSIS BRONCHITIS

5 24
3 8 CYSTIC
PNEUMONIA EMPHYSEMA
INFLUENZA FIBROSIS
 TASK
•Each group is given a maximum of 4 minutes
to report.
•Assign a number to each member (1-40)
•Read the disorder assigned to your group.
Reference: Science textbook
•Assign a reporter for your group.
•Imagine that you are a news reporter.
•Prepare a case analysis of the disorder
assigned to your group.
 DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

COMMON COLD
- most common infectious disease in humans and
is mainly caused by coronaviruses or
rhinoviruses.
- contagious; it can be spread by air droplets
from coughs and sneezes and by touching
infected surfaces. It is contagious from 1–2 days
before symptoms begin until the symptoms have
stopped.
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
 DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

INFLUENZA
- Influenza, or flu, is a respiratory illness caused
by a virus. Flu is highly contagious and is normally
spread by the coughs and sneezes of an infected
person.
- symptoms of flu that are different from a heavy cold:
•high temperature
•cold sweats and shivers
•headache
•aching joints and limbs
•fatigue, feeling exhausted
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
 DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

PNEUMONIA
- happens if an infection causes the air sacs of
the lungs (doctors call these “alveoli”) to fill up
with fluid or pus

- Infants younger than age 2 and people over age

65 have the highest odds. That’s because their
immune systems might not be strong enough to
fight it.
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

PNEUMONIA
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

PNEUMONIA

HEALTHY LUNGS XRAY Chest X-ray of a pneumonia

DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

PNEUMONIA
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

TUBERCULOSIS
•The World Health Organization estimates that 9 million
people a year get sick with TB, with 3 million of these
"missed" by health systems
•among the top 3 causes of death for women aged 15 to
44
• symptoms (cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss,
etc.) may be mild for many months, and people ill with
TB can infect up to 10-15 other people through close
contact over the course of a year
•TB is an airborne pathogen, meaning that the bacteria
that cause TB can spread through the air from person to
person
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY
DISORDERS
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

ASTHMA
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

ASTHMA
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

BRONCHITIS
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

EMPHYSEMA
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
 DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

CAUSES OF COPD
•tobacco smoking; 20 to 30 percent of chronic
smokers may develop clinically apparent COPD

•exposure to heavy amounts of second hand smoke and

pollution

•exposure to fumes from burning fuel for cooking and

heating in poorly ventilated homes

•genetic problems like Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

are also causes of COPD.
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

CAUSES OF COPD
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)

DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

LUNG CANCER
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

LUNG CANCER

Xray of large right lung cancer Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor

of Lung X-ray
Malfunctions & Diseases of the Respiratory System

severe allergic reaction

characterized by the
asthma
constriction of
bronchioles
inflammation of the
bronchitis
lining of the bronchioles
condition in which the
alveoli deteriorate,
emphysema
causing the lungs to lose
their elasticity
condition in which the
alveoli become filled
pneumonia
with fluid, preventing the
exchange of gases
irregular & uncontrolled
lung cancer growth of tumors in the