Date: 10/1/18

DHSM-1103
Climatology

Dept. of Disaster and Human Security Management

Bangladesh University of Professionals, Mirpur, Dhaka- 1216

Lecturer Irtifa Alam Nabila

Email: irtifa.nabila@gmail.com
Lecture 02
Outline

Development of Climatology
INSTRUMENTATION IN CLIMATOLOGY

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF CLIMATOLOGY
The complexity of atmosphere, and the variety of ways in which they
can be viewed, causes atmospheric science to be subdivided into three
major areas of interest.

(1) Climatology
(2) Meteorology
(3) Aerology
Climatology

deals with the determinants

over a longer time period and
examines its impact on
NATURE and PEOPLE.
 Meteorology is the science that deals with
motions in the Atmosphere, viewing for
forecasting weather.

It deals largely for

short time period and REMEMBER
It never deals with the IMPACT
uses principles of
physics and
mathematics.
Aerology is essentially the study of the atmosphere
throughout its upper atmospheric condition.

The major concern of the

aerologist is to identification
the atmospheric structure and
distribution of its component
parts.
The Development of
Climatology
 The barometer was
invented by
Evangelista Torricelli
(1608-1647) in 1643.

The scientific method really began in Italian physicist and

the 17th century when instruments mathematician
to measure the weather were
developed.
 Alexander Von Humboldt (1767–1835)

In 1817, von
Humboldt
constructed
what appears to
be the first map
showing
temperatures
using isotherms.

German geographer, naturalist, explorer, and influential

proponent of romantic philosophy.
By the 18th Century was essentially a time
when instruments were improved and
standardized.

Explanation of the observations

through study of the physical
processes gone underway in the
19th Century.
One of the factors that led to the development
of climatology was the world war II.
The need to understand the type of weather
and climate in relation to improve in
industrial, agricultural, transportation
techniques, the production and use of nuclear
weapons during the war, led to more
researches on climatology.
International organizations in the Development
of Climatology

 WMO (World Meteorological Organization)

 IPCC (Inter-governmental panel on climate
change)
 UNFCCC (United nations framework
convention on climate change)
 Set up on 23 March 1950
 Successor to international Meteorological Organization (IMO,
created in 1873)

 Specialized agency of the United Nations for meteorology (weather

and climate), operational hydrology and related geophysical
sciences.

 provides a framework for international cooperation in the

development of meteorology and operational hydrology and their
practical application.
 The Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC)
• IPCC was established in 1988 by the United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World
Meteorological Organization (WMO)

• IPCC provides the world with a clear scientific view on

the current state of knowledge in climate change and
its potential environmental and socio-economic
impacts.
• As an intergovernmental body the IPCC is open to all
member countries of the United Nations and WMO.
 The United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC)
• UNFCCC has establish in 1994 to set an overall framework for
global efforts to tackle the challenge posed by climate change.

• UNFCCC recognizes that the climate system is a shared resource

whose stability can be affected by industrial and other
emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

• Currently, there are 195 Parties (194 States and 1 regional

economic integration organization) to the Convention.
Governments are required to:
• gather and share information on greenhouse gas emissions,
national policies and best practices
• launch national strategies for addressing greenhouse gas
emissions and adapting to expected impacts, including the
provision of financial and technological support to developing
countries
• cooperate in preparing for adaptation to the impacts of climate
change.
 COP
• Since the UNFCCC entered into force in 1995, the Conference of the
Parties (COP) to the UNFCCC have been meeting annually to assess
progress in dealing with climate change.

• The COP adopts decisions and resolutions, published in reports of

the COP. Successive decisions taken by the COP make up a
detailed set of rules for practical and effective implementation of
the Convention.
Kyoto Protocol
 What is the Kyoto Protocol?
• The Kyoto Protocol is an agreement made under the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC).
• The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11
December 1997.
• Countries that ratify this protocol commit to reduce their
emissions of carbon dioxide and five other greenhouse
gases, or engage in emissions trading if they maintain or
increase emissions of these gases to a 5.37% less than
1990.
 INSTRUMENTATION IN CLIMATOLOGY

1) BAROMETER

These are instrument used to

measure the pressure in the
atmosphere. It helps to
determine the pressure of the
earth at various altitudes and
latitudes.
2) HYGROMETER

This is the instrument used to

measure the relative humidity of the
atmosphere of a place. Humidity
refers to the percentage of water
vapour in the surrounding air. When
a place has a low humidity the air is
usually dry compare to places with
high humidity the air is moist
3) RAIN GAUGE

This is used to measure the amount of liquid

precipitation over a certain length of time. It is
nothing more than a can which collects water
which falls from the sky as rain. Rain gauge are
placed in open area where they can be directly
under the sky and get rain fall directly. The
water collected is tipped into a measuring
bucket to measure the amount of rainfall
taken.
4) ANEMOMETER

This is the instrument use to measure

the speed of wind, although some
measure wind directions. There are two
types of anemometer and they are the
cup-anemometer and the wind mill
anemometer. The cup-anemometer
measure only the wind speed, while the
windmill anemometer measures the
wind speed and the direction of flow of
the wind.
 5) THERMOMETER
A thermometer is an instrument used to
measure temperature. It is used to
measure both the outside and inside
temperature. A common thermometer is
mercury thermometer used outside
residential areas. The volume of the
mercury changes as temperature
changes. As it heats up, the volume
expands and contracts as it cools.
 Lets call for a summary

THANKS……