CSC101

Introduction to
ICT
Muhammad Sharjeel
muhammadsharjeel@cuilahor
e.edu.pk

1
 Lecture -
11
Database
Management
Systems

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 Databases
凝 Database, often abbreviated DB, is a collection of data organized so that you can access,
retrieve, and use it
凝 Databases are designed to offer an organized mechanism for storing, managing, and retrieving
information
凝 Database Management System (or DBMS) is a software (application program) that facilitate
users in creating, organizing, deleting, updating, and manipulating data in a database
凝 DBMS stores large collections of data, organize the data and becomes a data
storage system

凝 DBMS allows you to;

凝 create database
凝 add, change, and delete data
凝 sort and retrieve data
凝 create forms and reports

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 Databases
凝 Individuals involved with a DBMS:
凝 Database designers: They design the database
凝 Database developers: They create the database
凝 Database programmers: They write programs needed to access the database or tie the database to

other programs
凝 Database administrators: They are responsible for managing the databases within an organization
凝 End users: Individuals who enter data, update data and retrieve information out of the database

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Database Models
凝 Database model defines how data in a database is organized and linked together
凝 More precisely, it is a structure or a format of a database

凝 Four commonly used database models are:

凝 Hierarchical database model
凝 Network database model
凝 Relational database model
凝 Object-oriented database model

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 Relational Database Model
凝 Relational database model is the most popular and widely used
凝 In the relational database model, all data is represented in terms of tuples, grouped
into relations
凝 It consists of a collection of tables that store sets of data
凝 The standard fields and records are represented as columns (fields) and rows
(records) in a table
凝 Data from several tables is tied together (related) using a field that the tables have in
common

凝 Database Management System that supports relational database model is called

‘Relational Database Management System’ or RDBMS
凝 RDBMS organizes and describes the data
凝 It normally contains two or more tables
凝 Using RDBMS, maintaining data is easier
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 Relational Database Model
凝 Relational database model
example

An attribute, field, or
column

A record, tuple, or
sid name login dob gpa
row 512412 Khaled khaled@qatar.cmu.e 18-9-1995 3.5
du
512311 Jones jones@qatar.cmu.ed 1-12-1994 3.2
u
512111 Maria maria@qatar.cmu.ed 3-8-1995 3.85
u

An instance of a student's relation or

table

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 Relational Database Model
凝 Relational database model
example

sid name email dob

512412 Khaled khaled@qatar.cmu.e 18-9-1995
du
512311 Jones jones@qatar.cmu.ed 1-12-1994
u iid Name
512111 Maria maria@qatar.cmu.ed 3-8-1995
u 90012 Usman Akram
38995 Muhammad Tariq
13910 Rabia Khan

sid cid
512412 CSC101 cid course iid
512311 CSC101
CSC101 Introduction to ICT 90012
512311 HUM103
MTH102 Mathematics 13910
512311 MTH102
HUM103 English 38995
512111 CSC101
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Components of Relational Database Model
凝 Field
凝 Often called a column
凝 Hold an individual piece of data
凝 Is named descriptively
凝 Name, address, e-mail, phone number are examples
凝 Field(s) may contain no data

凝 Record
凝 Often called a row
凝 One full set of fields
凝 Smith, Joe, 123 Some Street, 412-555-7777 is an example record
凝 Tables may have unlimited rows

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Components of Relational Database Model
凝 Table
凝 One complete collection of records
凝 Databases may have thousands of tables

凝 Form
凝 Present one record to the user
凝 Often used to add, change, or view data

凝 Report
凝 Produce printed results (summaries) from the database

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 Structured Query Language
凝 Another commonly supported feature of a database is enabling a user to search for desired
information in the database
凝 Structured Query Language (or SQL) is used to query information from a database
凝 It is the most popular language used to create, modify, retrieve, and manipulate information from
relational database management systems

D
S
Database
B
Q
M
L
11
S
Survey of DBMSs
凝 Oracle
凝 Most popular enterprise-level DBMS
凝 Very flexible storage system
凝 Can be very complex
凝 Platform independent
凝 Offers a wide range of solutions
凝 Supports both Relational and Object-Oriented models

凝 MySQL
凝 Leading DBMS for Linux
凝 Very inexpensive
凝 Often faster than other DBMS
凝 Platform independent
凝 Supports Relational model
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Survey of DBMSs
凝 Microsoft Access
凝 DBMS from Microsoft
凝 It is a member of the Microsoft Office suite
凝 Runs on Microsoft platforms and a separate version for Mac
凝 Popular among small to medium size organizations
凝 Supports Relational model

凝 Microsoft SQL Server

凝 Fastest growing DBMS
凝 Only runs on Microsoft platforms

凝 Eight different versions exist

凝 Extremely scalable architecture

凝 Based on Relational model 凝 It can grow with the data
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THANK
YOU
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