AniMAl husbAndry

By Sir Amon Jnr

After studying this chapter, students
will be able to:
 Understand the nutritional requirements of livestock.
 Know breeding methods of farm animals.
 Tellthe major diseases of livestock and poultry and
their management.
 Know the importance and use vaccination of animals.
RUMINANTS AND NON-RUMINANTS

 Farm animals are divided into non-

ruminants and ruminants, based on the
differences of their digestive systems.
 RUMINANTS

 Theseare animals which have four chambers and

chew the cud.
 Examples are cattle, goats, sheep etc
 Theirstomach is complex, consisting of rumen,
reticulum, omasum and abomasum.
 NON-RUMINANTS

 These
are animals with a single stomach
chamber and they do not chew the cud.
 Examples are donkeys, pig, poultry, horse
and rabbit.
 Theyare referred to as mono-gastric
animals
 REPRODUCTION IN POULTRY

Internal parts or organs of a chicken

refer to those that can only be
observed through the killing and
dismembering of the chicken.
 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF A HEN

 Thereproductive system of a hen consists of

the ovary, oviduct, vagina and cloaca.
 The oviduct is a long tube which consists of the
influndibulum, magnum, isthmus and uterus.
 These parts are important in egg formation
 Ovary: this is where the egg yolk (ovum) is completely
formed before release into the oviduct.
 Infundibuium (funnel): the entrance of the oviduct where
the yolk passes into. Possible the site for fertilisation.
 Magnum: secretion of albumen and wrapping it around the
ovum (yolk). Transmit of ovum with yolk and albumen to
itsmus.
 Itsmus: construction of shell membrane; the shape of the
egg is constructed here.
 Uterus: further construction of shell membrane and the
coating of the albumen before the egg is released into
the vagina.
 Vagina: hosting egg for a few seconds before pushing it
out through cloaca.
 Cloaca: where the egg passes through as it is being laid.
Shell hardens immediately when exposed to air.
 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF A
COCK
 The reproductive system of a cock consists of the
testicles, vas deferens and the cloaca
 Testicles: produce male gametes called spermatozoa
 Vas deferens: carries sperms from the testicles to the
cloaca.
 Cloaca: where the sperms pass through as they are passed
onto the cloaca of the hen during mating
 THE EGG STRUCTURE

 The egg consists of the shell, outer membrane, inner membrane,

chalaza, albumen (egg white), yolk and the air space.
 Shell: protects egg contents
 Yolk: supplies food to the growing embryo (chick)
 Albumen: supplies protein and water to the growing chick.
 Air space: is there for gaseous exchange for the growing chick.
 Chalaza: supporting or balances the yolk
 Inner and outer membrane: facilitate gaseous exchange with the outside
environment.