Data Types

• A data type is a set of values and a set of

operations defined on these values
• Example: boolean type (not provided in C)
Values={true, false}
Operations={and, or, not}
 Integers
• Examples: 2, 4567, 0, -100, 10200
• Operations + - / * %
• There are several types: int, long, unsigned, …
• Int values are in the interval [-32768, 32767]
• Long values are in [-2147843648, 2147483647]
• Size might differ between different compilers, OSs,
Machines
• Size of int = 2 bytes in Borland C++
• Size of int = 4 bytes in Visual C++
• Size of long = 4 byts
• Size of unsigned = 2 bytes
• Examples of integer values: population, number of odd
values in a certain range
 Real Numbers
• Examples 2.23 4567.9 0 -100.1 3.449
• There are 2 types float, double
• Size of float = 4 bytes
• Size of double = 8 bytes
• float values can be large 3.4X1038
• float values can be small 3.4X10-38
• double values can be very small 1.7X10-308 and can be
very large 1.7X10308
• values are often expressed using e notation.
Examples: 2.3e+58 1.38888e-101 -4.5e200
• Example of real value: average of values
 Characters
• Character data type is indicated by char
• Size of char value = 1 byte
• inside the program, char values are enclosed between single quotations
• Examples
‘a’ ‘b’ … ‘z’
‘A’ ‘B’ … ‘Z’
‘0’ ’1’ … ‘9’
‘>’ ‘<’ ‘+’ ‘%’ ‘@’ ’?’ ‘/’
‘\n’ new line character
‘\t’ tab character
‘\a’ alert or beep
‘\’’ single quote
‘\”’ double quote
‘\\’ inverted slash
 Characters Cont.
• Comparisons can be performed on
characters:
‘A’ <‘B’< … <‘Z’<…< ‘a’ <‘b’ … <‘z’
• Characters are sorted according to their
order in the ascii code table
• Some ascii codes
‘A’ 65 ‘B’ 66 … ‘Z’ 90 ‘a’ 97 ‘b’ 98 …’z’ 122
 Characters Internal
Representation
‘A’ (65)10 (01000001)2
‘B’ (66)10 (01000010)2
…
‘a’ (97)10 (01100001)2
‘b’ (98)10 (01100010)2
…
 Strings
• Strings are used to represent names of entities
• A string is a sequence of characters enclosed
between double quotations
• Examples
“ali”
“Nablus”
“PO Box 3300”
“10423456”