NETWORK DESIGN

KABUL EDUCATION UNIVERSITY

COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT

11/15/2023 KABUL EDUCATION UNIVERSITY 1

Outline
Network Design
 Introduction
 Hierarchical Network Design Overview
 Cisco Enterprise Architecture
 Evolving Network Architectures
Summary

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Class Policy
A student must reach the class-room in time. Late comers may join the class but are not entitled
to be marked present.
Attendance shall be marked at the start of the class and students failing to secure 75%
attendance will not be allowed to sit in final exam.
The assignment submission deadline must be observed. In case of late submission, ten percent
may be deducted from each day.
Those who are absent on the announcement date of the assignment/test. Must get the
topic/chapter of test/assignment confirmed through their peers.
Mobile phones must be switched-off in the class-rooms.

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Network Design Overview
•Computers and information networks are critical to the success of businesses, both large and
small.
•They connect people, support applications and services, and provide access to the resources
that keep the businesses running.
•To meet the daily requirements of businesses, networks themselves are becoming quite
complex.

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Categorize networks
Useful to categorize networks based on number of devices while discussing network design
 Small network – Provides services for 1 to 200 devices.
 Medium-sized network – Provides services for 200 to 1,000 devices.
 Large network – Provides services for 1,000+ devices.

Network design depends on

 the size
 requirements of the organization
Variable to consider while designing a network
 high level topology diagram
Note: Number of devices directly proportional to the complexity of network design

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Network Design Overview cont.
Network Requirements
Today, the Internet-based economy often demands around-the-clock customer service. This
means that business networks must be available nearly 100 percent of the time. They must be
smart enough to automatically protect against unexpected security incidents.

Building a Good Network

Good networks do not happen by accident. They are the result of hard work by network
designers and technicians, who identify network requirements and select the best solutions to
meet the needs of a business.

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Network Design Overview cont.

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KABUL EDUCATION UNIVERSITY 7

Network Design Overview cont.
Network Requirements

• The network should stay up all the time, even in the event of failed links, equipment failure, and
overloaded conditions.
• The network should reliably deliver applications and provide reasonable response times from any
host to any host.
• The network should be secure. It should protect the data that is transmitted over it, as well as data
stored on the devices that connect to it.
• The network should be easy to modify to adapt to network growth and general business changes.
• Because failures occasionally occur, troubleshooting should be easy. Finding and fixing a problem
should not be too time-consuming.

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Network Requirements

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Structured engineering principles
 For successful implementation of a network design for any organization, the important factor
is to follow a good structure engineering principles
 We have four structured principles

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Hierarchy
 A hierarchical network model is a useful high-level tool for designing a reliable network
infrastructure.
It breaks the complex problem of network design into smaller and more manageable areas.

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Modularity
 By separating the various functions that exist on a network into modules
 The network is easier to design.
Cisco has identified several modules including
 Enterprise
Campus
Services block
 Data center
 Internet edge

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Resiliency
 The network must remain available for use under both normal and abnormal conditions.
 Normal conditions include normal or expected traffic flows and traffic patterns, as well as scheduled
events such as maintenance windows.
 Abnormal conditions include hardware or software failures, extreme traffic loads, unusual traffic
patterns, Denial-of-Service (DoS) events, whether intentional or unintentional, and other unplanned
events.

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Flexibility
 The ability to modify portions of the network, add new services, or increase capacity without
going through a major fork-lift upgrade (i.e., replacing major hardware devices).

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Hierarchical design
 Involves dividing the network into discrete layers
◦ Each layer in the hierarchy provides specific functions that define its role within the overall network.
◦ Helps the network designer and architect to optimize and select the right network hardware, software, and features to perform
specific roles for that network layer.
◦ Hierarchical models apply both to LAN and WAN
◦ Three layers
◦ Access layer
◦ Distribution layer
◦ Core layer

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Network Hierarchy
Access layer – Provides workgroup or user access to the network.
Distribution layer – Provides policy-based connectivity.
Core layer – Provides fast transport between distribution switches.
Access Layer
 Layer 2 switching
 High availability
 Port security
 QoS classification and marking and trust
boundaries
 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
inspection
 Virtual access control lists (VACLs)
 Spanning tree
 Power over Ethernet (PoE) and auxiliary
VLANs for VoIP
Distribution Layer
 Aggregation of LAN or WAN links
 Policy-based security in the form of access control lists (ACLs) and filtering
 Routing services between LANs and VLANs and between routing domains
(e.g., EIGRP to OSPF)
 Redundancy and load balancing
 A boundary for route aggregation and summarization configured on
interfaces toward the core layer
Core Layer
 Provides high-speed switching (i.e., fast transport)
 Provides reliability and fault tolerance
 Scales by using faster
 Avoids CPU-intensive packet manipulation caused by security, inspection,
quality of service (QoS) classification, or other processes
Two-Tier Collapsed Core Design
 A two-tier hierarchical
“collapsed core” is when the
distribution layer and core layer
functions are implemented by a
single device.
 Used by smaller businesses to
reduce network cost while
maintaining most of the benefits
of the three-tier hierarchical
model.