CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

The project work entitled “TO STUDY THE PHENOMENON OF

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION” by………..under the supervision of …………….
Mount View English Boarding School, Ghorahi,15-Dang is hereby submitted for
the partial fulfillment of the requirement of Physics in Grade 11. This project
work has not been submitted to any other school or institution previously for
the award of Grade 11.

Supervisor Head of the department

……………… ………………..
Department of Physics Department of Science
 RECOMMENDATION LETTER
This is to certify that the project work entitled “TO STUDY THE PHENOMENON
OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION” has been carried out by ……….. as partial
fulfillment of Grade 11 in Physics under my supervision. To the best of my
knowledge, this work has not been submitted for any other purpose in this
institute. I, therefore recommended the project work report for appraisal.

Supervisor’s Signature
………………
Department of Physics
 DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project work entitled “TO STUDY THE
PHENOMENON OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION” under the supervision
of …………. Mount View English Boarding School, Ghorahi, 15-Dang, Nepal,
presented herein is genuine work done originally by me and has not been
published or submitted elsewhere for the requirement of any degree
program. Any literature, data, or works done by others and cited in this
project work has been given due acknowledgment and listed in the reference
section.

Signature
………….
Grade : 11
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am indeed to all past and present Physicist of Nepal; without whose
extensive work and literature this study would never be possible.

I am highly indebted to ……………. for constant supervision, providing

necessary information and supporting in completing the project. I would like
to express my gratitude towards them for their kind cooperation and
encouragement.

Finally, I extend my gratefulness to one and all who are directly or indirectly
involved in the successful completion of this project work.

I am making this project not only for marks but to also increase my
knowledge.
 ABSTRACT
This project plays a pivotal role in various aspects of our daily lives, from
powering electrical devices to generating electricity. This project seeks to
comprehensively study the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction,
shedding light on its underlying principles, applications, and potential future
advancements. This project discusses potential future advancements and
innovations in the field, such as wireless charging for electric vehicles,
improvements in energy efficiency, and advancements in renewable energy
generation. Electromagnetic induction has found many applications, including
electrical components such as inductors and transformers, and devices such
as electric motors and generators.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Certificate of approval
Recommendation letter
Declaration
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION
1.1 General Background
1.2 Principle
1.3 Application of EMI
1.4 Faraday’s Experiment
1.5 Materials Required
1.6 Procedure
CHAPTER 2 : OBSERVATION
CHAPTER 3 : RESULT
CHAPTER 4 : CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 5 : RECOMMENDATION FOR FURTHER WORK
CHAPTER 6 : REFERENCE
 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General Background
Electromagnetic induction is a fundamental principle in physics that
describes the generation of an electromotive force (EMF) or voltage in a
conductor when it is exposed to a changing magnetic field.

Electromagnetic induction is when an electromagnetic forces causes

molecule in another object to flow. Induction can produce electricity( in
coils), heat( in ferrous metals), or waves( in radio transmitter).

Finally, it is refers to the phenomenon where an EMF is induced when the

magnetic flux linking a conductor change.

Magnetic flux is defined as the number of magnetic field lines passing

through a given area normal to it. It is a scalar quantity and its S.I unit is
weber(WB).
1.2 Principle
Electromagnetic Induction is a process where conductor placed in a
changing magnetic field( or a conductor moving through stationary magnetic
field) causes the production of a voltage across the conductor. This process of
electromagnetic induction, in turn, causes an electric circuit– it is said to
induce the current.

The central principle of Electromagnetic Induction is Faraday’s law. This law

relates induced EMF to changing magnetic flux in any loop, including a closed
circuit. Lenz’s law help us to predict the directions of induced EMFs and
currents. This provides the principle of electrical energy-conservation devices
such as motors, generators and transformers.
1.3 Application of Electromagnetic Induction
Electrical Generator
The EMF generated by Faraday's law of induction due to relative movement
of a circuit and a magnetic field is the phenomenon underlying electrical
generators. When a permanent magnet is moved relative to a conductor, or
vice versa, an electromotive force is created. If the wire is connected through
an electrical load, current will flow, and thus electrical energy is generated,
converting the mechanical energy of motion to electrical energy.

Electrical Transformer
When the electric current in a loop of wire changes, the changing current
creates a changing magnetic field. A second wire in reach of this magnetic
field will experience this change in magnetic field as a change in its coupled
magnetic flux, d. Therefore, an electromotive force is set up in the second
loop called the induced EMF or transformer EMF. If the two ends of this loop
are connected through an electrical load, current will flow.
1.4 Faraday's Experiment
One of the scientists Faraday performed series of experiments and based on
the results he gave law on induction. He introduced the phenomenon of
electromagnetic induction. Induction means to induce or to generate
something. Electromagnetic Induction means production of electric current
due to magnetic field. Magnetic field is capable of producing current in a
conductor Faraday took a coil and attached a galvanometer to it. As there is
no battery attached therefore there is no source of current. He brought the
magnet near the coil. When the magnet is moved towards the coil
galvanometer showed deflection. Galvanometer even showed the deflection
in the opposite direction when the magnet is taken away from the coil. When
magnet was not moved there was no deflection in the galvanometer. This
show current is related to magnet. Faster the magnet is moved the more is
the deflection in the galvanometer. This showed more and more current flows
if the magnet is moved very fast. Same effect was observed if the coil is
moved and the magnet was not moved.
1.5 Materials Required

1. Magnetic bar
2. A galvanometer
3. Coil
4. Connecting wires

1.6 Procedure
1. Take a coil of wire having a large number of turns.
2. Connect the end of the coil to a galvanometer.
3. Take a strong bar magnet and move its north pole into the coil and observe

the changes in the galvanometer needle.

4. Repeat earlier step with the south pole of the bar magnet.
5. Now repeat the procedure with the coil having a different number of turns
and the variation in the deflection of the galvanometer needle.
 OBSERVATION
1. When we move the magnet in or out of the coil, the needle of
galvanometer gets deflected in different directions.
2. When we insert the north pole of bar magnet into the coil, the deflection
is towards right.
3. When we insert the south pole (S) of bar magnet into the coil, the
deflection is towards left.
4. When we move the bar magnet in or out of the coil with varying speed,
the speed of deflection changes accordingly.
5. As we increase the number of turns in the coil, the deflection increases.
6. Relative motion between magnet and coil induced electric current in the
coil.
 RESULT
1. The deflection of galvanometer needle indicates the presence of current
in the coil.
2. The direction of deflection gives the direction of flow of current.
3. The speed of deflection gives the rate at which the current is induced.
4. The deflection in galvanometer changes with the change in number of
turns in the coil – more the number of turns in the coil greater is the
deflection.

CONCLUSION
From this experiment, Faraday concluded that whenever there is relative
motion between a conductor and a magnetic field, the flux linkage with a coil
changes and this change in flux induces a voltage across a coil.
 RECOMMENDATION FOR FURTHER WORK
This project work could be an important insight for deep understanding of
fundamental principles of electromagnetism, which are crucial in the fields of
physics and also have practical applications in future careers, whether in
academia, research, engineering or other fields.

REFERENCES
• Wikipedia.com
• Google search engine
• Physics Textbook class XII