Active & Passive

Forms
What is Active Form?
When we use active form, the thing doing the action is the subject and
the thing receiving the action is the object.

Active Form

subject (thing doing action) + verb + object (thing receiving action)

What is Passive Form?
When we use passive form, the thing receiving the action is the subject
and the thing doing the action is the agent that optionally included near
the end of the sentence.
Passive Form
subject (thing receiving action) + be + past participle of verb + by + agent
(thing doing action)

Optional
 How to Change Active into Passive Form

subject verb object

Active
Ardha brings the dictionary

Passive

The dictionary is brought by Ardha

subject be + past participle verb agent
1. Present Simple
Active
S + V1/V1+s (do/does) + O

Passive
S + be (am/is/are) + V3 + by + agent (optional)

Example
Active : Cempaka cleans the house twice a week.
Passive :
2. Past Simple
Active
S + V2 (did + simple form) + O

Passive
S + be (was/were) + V3 + by + agent (optional)

Example
Active :
Someone stole Novita’s money yesterday.
Passive :
3. Future Simple
Active
S + will + simple form+ O

Passive
S + will + be + V3 + by + agent (optional)

Example
Active : Will Regina finish the work by 11:00 PM?
Passive :
 4. Present Continuous
Active
S + be (am/is/are) + Ving + O

Passive
S + be (am/is/are) + being + V3 + by + agent (optional)

Example
Active : Is Fachri visiting Dina right now?
Passive :
 5. Past Continuous
Active
S + be (was/were) + Ving + O

Passive
S + be (was/were) + being + V3 + by + agent (optional)

Example
Active :
We were bullying Dina the whole morning yesterday.
Passive :
 6. Future Continuous
Active
S + will + be + Ving + O

Passive
S + will + be + being + V3 + by + agent (optional)

Example
Active Jemmy
: will be doing a linguistics proposal the whole night
tomorrow.
Passive :
 7. Present Perfect
Active
S + have/has + V3 + O

Passive
S + have/has + been + V3 + by + agent (optional)

Example
Active :
Has Ecan washed the dishes after the breakfast?
Passive :
 8. Past Perfect
Active
S + had + V3 + O

Passive
S + had + been + V3 + by + agent (optional)

Example
Active :
Sule had sent the presentation to Ms. Dwi before Tani did.

Passive :
 9. Future Perfect
Active
S + will + have + V3 + O

Passive
S + will + have + been + V3 + by + agent (optional)

Example
Active :
Arsha will have finished the exam before the bell rings.

Passive :