New-

Zealand’s
History
A Journey Through Time
 Table of contents

Maori European
01. 02.
settlement exploration
c. 1250 CE 17th century

Treaty of British
03. 04.
Waitangi colonization
1840 19th century
 Table of contents
Treaty of Waitangi
Gold rush &
05. 06. reconciliation &
economic growth
World Wars
1860s 20th century

Maori Women’s
07. 08.
renaissance suffrage
20th century 1893
 Table of contents

Nuclear-free Changing
09. 10.
policy demographics
1980s 20th century

Conclusion &
Economic
11. 12. modern New-
transformation
1980-1990s
Zealand
 New-Zealand’s data
Population Ethnicities
Multicultural and diverse society
5M (2021)
European (UK) > Maori > Asian (Chinese, Indian,
Filippino, Corean) > Pacific-islanders > Middle-Eastern
Latin-American Africans

Religion International relations

Diverse APEC (Asia-Pacific economic coop.)
Christianity > Hinduism > ANZUS Treaty (Australia-New-Zealand)
Buddhism > Islam > Sikhism United Nations (active member)
(India, Punjab county) > Climate change
Judaism > other religions: Humanitarian and development aid in the Pacific
Maori spiritual beliefs region.
Maori settlement
- indigenoues Polynesian people
- establishment in 13th century
- rich in tradition, art, oral history
- deep connection to the land and nature
- 1st inhabitants of the islands
- language: Te Reo Maori
- big effort to promote their heritage
 European exploration

James Cook Abel Tasman European traders

Late 18th century : mapping the coastline of New-Zealand
Early 19th century
contact with Maori people
 1840. Treaty of Waitangi

British Crown Maori chiefs

Marked the beginning of formal British colonization
European settlers were from mostly Britain
Cultural exchanges, although often led to misunderstanding and conflicts.

Today, New-Zealand embraces its multicultural heritage.

Gold rush &
economic growth
1860s was a crucial event
Gold was discovered in various regions:
- Otago
- West-Coast
- Coromandel
The Gold Rush boosted the economy and population: thousands of migrants came from Europe,
China, Australia.
Mining industry: roads, railways.
Chinese immigrants play an important role in the economic growth.
 World Wars
Treaty of Waitangi ● 1st
○ Part of British Empire
reconciliation ○ Thousand of New-Zealanders

● Was made to heal the

○ Participated in major battles:

relationship between New- ■ Gallipoli

Zealand’s government & the ● ANZAC day: 25th April, to

Maori people. commemorate the soldiers

● Based on Treaty of Waitangi: ○ Agricultural and industrial support

established the partnership.
● Waitangi tribunal: special ● 2nd
○ Significant role as part of the allied forces
commission to address
○ ~140 000 New-Zealanders served in armed
grievances such as land forces
confiscations and cultural ○ North-Africa, Mediterraneum
suppressions. ○ Providing essential goods
○ Airforce & navy
○ Code-breaking operation
 Maori renaissance
• Revitalisation and resurgence of language, arts and tradition
• Mid 20th century until today
• 19th- early 20th > face challenges due to European colonization, including land loss, cultural suppression, and
declinging population.
• 1950-1960s: Maori communities renewed interest in revitalizing their cultural heritage.
• Several factors contributed to the Maori renaissance.
• Increased urbanization
• Greater access to education
• Growing awareness towards Maori rights
• Maori artist, scolars and activist played a crucial roles in advocating the language: Te Reo Maori and the cultural
practices, such as Haka, the traditional Maori dance.
• Today, Maori programs are available in schools, and they are highly valued.
Women’s suffrage
1st country in the World where women gained the right to vote
in national elections.
1893. Electoral Act
1893. 28th November
19th September: celebrated annually as Suffrage Day,
recognizing the important part women play in
society.
 1980s Nuclear-free policy
New-Zealand nuclear-free zone
USA
N-Z doesn’t allowed nuclear-powered or
nuclear-armed ships to enter its waters.
Led to a strain in the relationship with the US
> N-Z withdrew from the ANZUS (1986)
1987. Arms Control Act
Against French nuclear testing in
the 1970-80s in the Pacific-area.
Commitment to peace, disarmament
and environmental preservation.
Widely supported by the public.
 20th century Changing demographics
Urbanization Immigration
From Pacific-islands, Asia,
Moving from rural areas to
Europe
cities, towns.
immigration policies were
Accompanied by the growth of
adapted over the centuries,
industries and services.
leading to a multicultural
society.
Healt care
Social changes
improvements
Women right movement
Changing family structures Advances in health care,
gender roles sanication and medical
technologies led to improve the
life and health.
Aging population
Began 20th century later half
Increased life expectancy and
declining birth rates
contributed to growing elderly
population and issues in health
care and pension policies.
Maori population
Faced challenges such as land
loss and social disparities,
which led to cultural
renaissance in the later half of
the century.
 1980-1990s Economic transformation
Privatization
State-owned enterprises were
privatized, like
telecommunications,
electricity, transportation.
Focus on export-led
growth
Encouraging industries to
focus on exports globally.
Purpose to exchange earnings
and stimulate economic
growth.
Fiscal policy reforms
Reducing public spending and
controlling inflation.
These were aimed at:
stabilizing the economy and
maintaining fiscal discipline.
Impact on agriculture
Removal of agricultural
subsidies, farmers have to
adapt to new market
conditions, and the innovations
in the agricultural industry.
Walfare reforms
Targeting assistance to those in
need.
Making social services more
cost-effective.
Deregulation
This included removing
agricultural subsidies, floating
the New-Zealand dollar and
liberalizing trade policies.
Tariffs were reduced, markets
were opened to the global
world.
 References
• Smith, I. W. G. (2008). Maori, Pakeha and Kiwi: Peoples, cultures and sequence in New Zealand
archaeology. Islands of Inquiry: Colonisation, Seafaring and the Archaeology of Maritime Landscapes, ANU E.Press,
367-380.
• Keenan, D. (1993). Review of Two Worlds: First Meetings between Maori and Europeans, 1642-1772, by Anne
Salmond.
• Barrett, M., &; Connolly-Stone, K. (1998). The Treaty of Waitangi and social policy. Social Policy Journal of New

•
Zealand, 29-48.
Lester, A., & Dussart, F. (2008). Trajectories of protection: Protectorates of Aborigines in early 19th century Australia Thank you for
and Aotearoa New Zealand. New Zealand Geographer, 64(3), 205-220.
•

•
Greasley, D., & Oxley, L. (1997). Segmenting the contours: Australian economic growth 1828-1913. Australian
Economic History Review, 37(1), 39-53.
Crawford, J., & McGibbon, I. (Eds.). (2014). New Zealand's great war: New Zealand, the allies and the
your attention!
First World War. Exisle Publishing.
• Ward, A. (1993). Historical Claims under the treaty of Waitangi: Avenue of reconciliation or source of new
divisions?. The Journal of Pacific History, 28(2), 181-203.
• Boshier, R. (2015). Learning from the Moa: The challenge of Māori language revitalization in Aotearoa/New
Zealand. Indigenous education: Language, culture and identity, 207-226.
• Grimshaw, P. (2000). Settler anxieties, indigenous peoples, and women’s suffrage in the colonies of Australia, New
Zealand, and Hawaii, 1888 to 1902. Pacific Historical Review, 69(4), 553-572.
• Huntley, W. (1996). The kiwi that roared: Nuclear‐free New Zealand in a nuclear‐armed world. The Nonproliferation
Review, 4(1), 1-16.
• Stillman, S., &; Maré, D. C. (2008). Housing markets and migration: Evidence from New-Zealand. Available at
SSRN 1146724.
• Wilson, O. J. (1995). Rural restructuring and agriculture-rural economy linkages: A New Zealand study. Journal of
Rural Studies, 11(4), 417-431.