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FM Topic 4 Lecture 1
FM Topic 4 Lecture 1
FM Topic 4 Lecture 1
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this topic students will be able to:
• Explain the rate of change of variables through
differentiation
• Understand rates of change as expressed by a curve
150
140
130
Height cm 120 Gradient = y/x
110 y
100
90
80
70 x
60
50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Time - Years
Plotting Curves
• The relationship between variables as a curve may be
illustrated if we consider the interest in a new holiday
destination
150
140
130
120
Visitors 1000s
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Time - Years
150
The gradient of the curve at the point
140
130 at which the tangent touches the
120 curve can be found through
110 calculating y/x
100
90
80 y
70
60 x
50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Gradients on a Curve
• Although this approach can be used it has a number of drawbacks
• It is often not accurate enough
• The gradient of curve will change depending upon where we place our
tangent
y
Large Negative Gradient Large Positive Gradient
Equation of a Curve
• Identifying rates of change through calculating the gradient of
straight lines and the gradient of a curve it can be seen that the
rate of change is as a consequence of the relationship between
y
the two variables expressed as x
• However, as we have seen the gradient of a curve changes
depending on where on the graph the tangent is drawn
y
therefore is no longer suitable to express the gradient of a
x
curve.
• When calculating the gradient of a curve we use the following
equation to represent a curved relationship
y xn
Differentiation
• Examples of differentiation
• If we have a curve with a relationship
• Differentiation of this curve using the formula
dy
nx n 1 gives us an answer of
y 3x 2
dx
1
• By differentiation we get dy 1 2 1 1
x 1
dx 2 2 x
2x 2
dy
3ax 2 2bx c
dx
Any Questions?