CHAPTER 1: • IDEAL AND REAL FLOW

• IRROTATIONAL AND
HYDRODYNAMICS ROTATIONAL FLOW
IDEAL FLUID FLOW
•Incompressible
Density constant
•Also known as inviscid flow (having no or negligible viscosity,
non viscous)
Viscosity0
•particles do no exert shear force on each other
•Fluid has no internal friction
•Assumes no surface tension
IDEAL FLUID FLOW
•The flow is smooth-No turbulence
•Streamlines do not cross each other
•Irrotational flow
•Steady flow
•It is hypothetical
REAL FLUID
•Compressible  change in density ≠ 0
•They are viscous
•They possess surface tension
•Turbulent flow (layers of fluids can cross each other)
•All fluids in practice are real fluids
IDEAL AND REAL FLUIDS
•Water is a real fluid but it is considered as an ideal fluid because
its incompressibility and viscosity are very small and can be easily
neglected
•For simplification in mathematical equations, fluids are
considered ideal in some cases
•We assume fluid to be an ideal fluid in Bernoulli's eq and
continuity eq.
IRROTATIONAL FLOW
•Assumption: zero fluid angular velocity
•Algebric angular rotation=0, Angular velocity=0, Shear stresses=0
•Each element of the moving fluid suffers no net rotation from one instant to the next,
w.r.t a given frame of reference
•An fluid element is going to flow through a flow domain without being deformed
•Fluid element may deform in irrotational flow if the net rotation in clockwise and
anticlockwise directions are equal in magnitude, so that the net rotation is zero
•Example of irrotational flow: carriages of a ferris wheel
IRROTATIONAL FLOW
•Shear strain rate on a fluid element=0
•Streamlines are parallel to each other but never cross
ROTATIONAL FLOW
Net rotation ≠ 0
Shear strain rate on a fluid element ≠ 0
Angular velocity ≠ 0
Streamlines can cross each other
Irrotational flow in xy plane is given by:
∂v/ ∂x - ∂u/ ∂y = 0

Example problem 1:
In a flow field, determine whether flow is rotational or irrotational:
(a) velocity vector V=-2y î + 3x j
(b) velocity vector V=3xy j
(c) velocity vector V= 2x î – 2y j