Health Education and

Contagious Disease
Group 1
Andres, Charlene
Cain, Wency
Lorenzana, John Kennedy
Medico, Kyla Mae
Orolfo, Monica S.
 Health
 Derived from an old English word, “hale”, which means “wholeness, being whole or sound.”

 The state of being free from illness or injury.

 The extent of an individual's continuing physical, emotional, mental, and social ability to cope
with his or her environment.

 The WHO Constitution of 1948 defines health as a state of complete physical, social and mental
well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

 Ottawa Declaration states an “individual or group must be able to identify and realize
aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment. Health is seen as a
resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing
social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities.
 What is Health Education?
 Health education is a social science that draws from the biological, environmental,
psychological, physical and medical sciences to promote health and prevent disease,
disability and premature death through education-driven voluntary behavior change
activities.

 Health education is the development of individual, group, institutional, community and

systemic strategies to improve health knowledge, attitudes, skills and behavior.

 Health education is one strategy for implementing health promotion and disease prevention
programs. Health education provides learning experiences on health topics.

 It is a process that seeks out ways for the population to acquire the knowledge and skills
necessary that will allow them to make good decisions regarding their own health.

 According to the Joint Committee for Health Education (2005), health education is "a
process with intellectual, psychological, and social dimensions relating to activities that
increase the abilities of people to make informed decisions affecting their personal, family
and community wellbeing.
What is the main purpose of Health Education?

 Giving people the skills, tools, and knowledge to live healthier.

 Positively influence the health behavior of individuals and communities as well as
the living and working conditions that influence their health.
 Teach people how to make healthier choices. This could happen at the individual
level through the societal level. It offers the skills, training, and knowledge to
decrease illness and preventable diseases.
 To develop the awareness, skills, and positive attitudes of students towards health.
 boost a community’s economy by reducing healthcare spending and lost
productivity due to preventable illness.
 Importance of Health Education
1. Enhance knowledge awareness - Provides guidance and instruction to all that will help individuals
or groups of individuals maintain a high level of wellness .
2. Promotes health, safety, and security of the People – Promotes personal hygiene, environmental
sanitation, and maintenance of a hazard-free environment for one to avoid illnesses, and accidents
and reduce the mortality rate.
3. Develop and improve community resources - Help individuals gain knowledge and understanding
of the different community health agencies that can provide health care services.
4. Increase productivity and strength of character – Help develop productive individuals who can
adjust successfully and live happily with social groups to which they belong.
5. Disease prevention – Promotes individual and public health awareness on prevention of disease
using various health care strategies and for the state to be the home of healthy and productive
citizens.
6. Minimize cost – Health education enables the government to attain health objectives at the least cost.
7. Self-reliant behavior - Health education provides information and services necessary for
fostering independent behaviors or self-care attitudes conducive to health.
 Who is responsible for health
education?
Health education is the duty of everyone engaged in health and community
development activities. Health Extension Workers are primarily responsible in
working with the families and community at a grass root level to promote health
and prevent disease through provision of health education. If health and other
workers are not practicing health education in their daily work, they are not doing
their job correctly. When treating someone with skin infection or malaria, a health
worker should also educate the patient about the cause of the illness and teach
preventive skills. Drugs alone will not solve the problems. Without Health
Education, the patient may fall sick again from the same disease. Health workers
must also realize that their own personal example serves to educate others.
 Health education settings
When considering the range of health education interventions, they are usually
described in relation to different settings. Settings are used because interventions need
to be planned in the light of the resources and organizational structures peculiar to
each. Thus, health education and promotion takes place, amongst other locations, in:

 Communities
 Health care facilities
 Work sites
 Schools
 Prisons
 Refugee camps
 Types of Health Education
1. Biological - Information about human biology and hygiene. The nurse
provides health information about the human body and how to take care of it.

2. Health Resources - Health services which direct the individual regarding

the "sensible" use of healthcare resources.

3. Society and Environment - An environment in which health choices are

made. This is concerned with national, regional, and local education policies,
which are often pursued and implemented without considering health
consequences.
 Role of health educator
 Talking to the people and listening of their problems
 Thinking of the behavior or action that could cause, cure and prevent these
problems.
 Finding reasons for people’s behaviors
 Helping people to see the reasons for their actions and health problems.
 Asking people to give their own ideas for solving the problems.
 Helping people to look as their ideas so that they could see which were the
most useful and the simplest to put into practice.
 Encouraging people to choose the idea best suited to their circumstances.
 Process of Health Education
Health education
 consists of learning experiences that promote behavior conducive to good health. It provides
the tools for developing physical, emotional, spiritual, and sound mental health.

• Physical Health - learning experiences that help promote the ability of the body
to function accordingly.
• Emotional Health - the ability of an individual to cope with stress and strain as one
faces the realities and challenges of life.
• Mental Health - the ability of an individual to make correct judgments or sound
decisions to cope with situations or conditions affecting her daily activities.
• Social Health - the ability of an individual to relate well with others regardless of
status or position.
• Spiritual Health - recognizes the supernatural aspect of divine healing and the
individuals' communion with his/her creator.
 Hygiene
 Hygiene generally refers to the set of practices associated with the
preservation of health and healthy living. The focus is mainly on
personal hygiene that looks at cleanliness of the hair, body, hands,
fingers, feet, clothing and menstrual hygiene.
 Improvements in personal knowledge, skill and practice that modify
an individual’s behavior towards healthy practices are the focus of
hygiene promotion. Safe hygiene practices includes a broad range of
healthy behaviors, such as handwashing before and after you ate.
When you carry out hygiene education and promotion the aim is to
transfer knowledge and understanding of hygiene.
 Sanitation
 Sanitation means the prevention of human contact with wastes, for
hygiene purposes. It also means promoting health through the
prevention of human contact with the hazards associated with the
lack of healthy food, clean water and healthful housing, the control
of vectors (living organisms that transmit diseases), and a clean
environment.
 It focuses on management of waste produced by human activities.
 Public Health
• it is the science and art of preventing disease and promoting and prolonging
life through organized effort.
• Public health is the science of protecting and improving the health of people
and their communities. This work is achieved by promoting healthy
lifestyles, researching disease and injury prevention, and detecting,
preventing and responding to infectious diseases. Overall, public health is
concerned with protecting the health of entire populations. These
populations can be as small as a local neighborhood, or as big as an entire
country or region of the world.
Contagious Diseases
 Contagious Diseases

 A contagious disease is an infectious diseases that is readily spread

(that is, communicated) by transmission of a pathogen through
contact (direct or indirect) with an infected person. A disease is often
known to be contagious before medical science discovers its causative
agent. Koch’s postulate, which were published at the end of the 19th
century, were the standard for the next 100 years or more, especially
with diseases caused by bacteria. Microbial pathogenesis attempts to
account for diseases caused by a virus. The disease itself can also be
called a contagion. It is a disease that can be transferred from the
source to another person. Some signs of disease are abnormal changes
in temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate. Symptoms are pain and
restlessness, though these may not be the same for all persons.
Epidemiological Triad
 Epidemiological Triad
A. Host
Man or animal
Consider the susceptibility (degree of resistance) of the host
4 types of Host
Patient – infected with signs and symptoms; isolate and observe precautionary measures; least source
of infection.
Carrier – harbors/carries microorganisms but without signs and symptoms; also a/potential source of
infection.
Contact – close contact/exposure to infected person
Suspect – medical history and symptoms suggest infectious presence of disease.
B. Agent
Microorganism
not all possesses pathogenicity (capacity of microorganism to cause an infection) and
virulence (strength and power of microorganism to cause infection).

C. Environment
 Conducive and favorable to the growth and multiplication of microorganisms.
 Example of Contagious Diseases
1.) Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)
 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

 The virus can spread from an infected person’s mouth or nose in small liquid particles when they
cough, sneeze, speak, sing or breathe.

 The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to be well informed about the disease
and how the virus spreads. Protect yourself and others from infection by:

 staying at least 1 meter apart from others

 wearing a properly fitted mask
 washing your hands or using an alcohol-based rub frequently
 Get vaccinated when it’s your turn and follow local guidance.
 2.) Conjunctivitis

 often called “pink eye”—is inflammation of the conjunctiva from infection or allergies.
Your eyes are red and swollen (inflamed), and sometimes they have a sticky discharge.
You can have conjunctivitis in one or both eyes.

 If you have conjunctivitis, you can help limit its spread to other people by following
these steps:

 Wash your hands often with soap and warm water for at least 20
seconds.
 Avoid touching or rubbing your eyes. This can worsen the condition
or spread it to your other eye.
 Do not use the same eye drop dispenser/bottle for your infected
and non-infected eyes.
3.) Influenza (Flu)
 A contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose,
throat, and sometimes the lungs. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can
lead to death. The best way to prevent flu is by getting a flu vaccine each year.

 Influenza (flu) can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. Flu
symptoms usually come on suddenly. People who have flu often feel some or all of
these symptoms:
 fever* or feeling feverish/chills
 cough
 sore throat
 runny or stuffy nose
 muscle or body aches
 headaches
 fatigue (tiredness)
 some people may have vomiting and diarrhea,
though this is more common in children than
adults.
 Period of Contagiousness
You may be able to spread flu to someone else before you know you are sick,
as well as when you are sick with symptoms.
 People with flu are most contagious in the first 3-4 days after their illness begins.
 Some otherwise healthy adults may be able to infect others beginning one
day before symptoms develop and up to five to seven days after becoming sick.
 Some people, especially young children and people with weakened immune systems,
might be able to infect others for an even longer time.
Onset of Symptoms
The time from when a person is exposed and infected with flu to when symptoms begin is
about two days, but can range from about one to four days.

Complications of Flu
Complications of flu can include bacterial pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infections and
worsening of chronic medical conditions, such as congestive heart failure, asthma, or diabetes.
Preventing Seasonal Flu
The first and most important step in preventing flu is to get a flu vaccine each year.
 4.) Chickenpox

 Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus

(VZV).
 The virus spreads easily from people with chickenpox to others who have never
had the disease or never been vaccinated. If one person has it, up to 90% of the
people close to that person who are not immune will also become infected.
 The virus spreads mainly through close contact with someone who has
chickenpox.
 A person with chickenpox is considered contagious beginning 1 to 2 days before
rash onset until all the chickenpox lesions have crusted (scabbed).
 Vaccinated people who get chickenpox may develop lesions that do not crust.
These people are considered contagious until no new lesions have appeared for
24 hours.
 How is chickenpox spread?
 Children can get chickenpox at any age. After being exposed to chickenpox, your
child may appear to be fine for one to three weeks before feeling sick. Children
can spread the virus from one day before they show signs of illness to about five
days after a skin rash appears.

 The virus is spread by:

 Coming in contact with someone who has chickenpox.

 Breathing air from an infected person who sneezes or coughs.
 Coming in contact with fluids from an infected child's eyes, nose
or mouth.
 What are the signs and symptoms of chickenpox?
 Signs of chickenpox are easy to see. Healthcare providers often can look at a child's skin and
know if he or she has chickenpox.

 Signs of chickenpox usually happen in the following order:

1. Fever.
2. Feeling tired.
3. Headache.
4. A stomachache that lasts for one or two days.
5. A skin rash that is very itchy and looks like many small
blisters.
6. Bumps filled with a liquid that looks like milky water.
7. Scabs after the blisters break.
8. Skin that looks blotchy.
9. Spots that fade away.
Management and Treatment

How can I help my child with chickenpox?

 Make sure your child gets plenty of rest and fluids. Chickenpox will go away on its own in a
week or two. To help your child feel less itchy, you can:

 Press a cool, moist rag on the rash.

 Keep your child cool.
 Encourage your child not to scratch. Trim their fingernails so they can't scratch.
 Put a lotion with antihistamines on the rash. These lotions are available at the
drugstore. If you don't know what to buy, ask the pharmacist for help.
 Give your child an over-the-counter (OTC) form of antihistamine. Diphenhydramine
(Benadryl®) and cetirizine (Zyrtec®) are two examples of OTC antihistamines.
 Give your child a cool bath or shower every day. You can also give your child an
oatmeal bath. When you’re drying them off, don’t rub with the towel. Pat your child
dry.
 5.) Measles
 A highly contagious disease caused by a virus. It spreads easily when an infected
person breathes, coughs or sneezes. It can cause severe disease, complications,
and even death.

 Measles can affect anyone but is most common in children.

 Measles infects the respiratory tract and then spreads throughout the body.
Symptoms include:

 high fever
 Cough
 runny nose
 rash all over the body.
 Treatment

 There is no specific treatment for measles.

 Caregiving should focus on relieving symptoms, making the person comfortable

and preventing complications.

 Drinking enough water and treatments for dehydration can replace

fluids lost to diarrhoea or vomiting.
 Eating a healthy diet is also important.
 Doctors may use antibiotics to treat pneumonia and ear and eye
infections.
 All children or adults with measles should receive two doses of vitamin A
supplements, given 24 hours apart. This restores low vitamin A levels
that occur even in well-nourished children. It can help prevent eye
damage and blindness. Vitamin A supplements may also reduce the
number of measles deaths.
Prevention

 Community-wide vaccination is the most effective way to prevent

measles. All children should be vaccinated against measles. The
vaccine is safe, effective and inexpensive.

 Children should receive two doses of the vaccine to ensure they

are immune. The first dose is usually given at 9 months of age in
countries where measles is common and 12–15 months in other
countries. A second dose should be given later in childhood,
usually at 15–18 months.

 The measles vaccine is given alone or often combined with

vaccines for mumps, rubella and/or varicella.
 6.) Parainfluenza (Human Parainfluenza Viruses)
 Parainfluenza is a broad term that healthcare providers use to describe human
parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) — a group of infectious organisms (pathogens).
Parainfluenza viruses cause many types of lower and upper respiratory illnesses.
Respiratory illnesses cause mild to serious symptoms, like sore throat, cough and
shortness of breath.

 HPIV infections can affect anyone. They’re common in infants and children. It’s
possible to get infected with HPIVs many times in your life, even if you’ve had
one when you were younger. You’re less likely to get severe illness after your first
infection (usually in childhood).

 HPIV illnesses have a seasonal pattern. They’re more common in the fall, winter
and spring.
Symptoms of human parainfluenza viruses

 Symptoms of the HPIVs are usually mild in adults but can be more
severe in children or those with a compromised immune system. They
include:

 Fever.
 Cough. This can be a mild cough, a barky cough (croup)
or a persistent cough with mucus (bronchitis).
 Runny or stuffy nose.
 Sore throat.
 A high-pitched sound when you breathe (wheezing or
stridor).
 Hoarseness.
 Sneezing.
 How do I manage symptoms of parainfluenza virus?

Some things you can do to treat your symptoms at home include:

 Getting plenty of rest.

 Drinking fluids like water or broth to stay hydrated.
 Running a humidifier in your room or your child’s room to
keep the air moist. This can relieve a sore throat, stuffy nose
and cough.
 Using acetaminophen (Tylenol®) or NSAIDs (Motrin®,
Advil®, Aleve®) can help lower fever and relieve aches and
pains.
 Using decongestants, cough suppressants, expectorants or
throat lozenges might also help, depending on which
symptoms are bothering you.
Thankyou Everyone!