PSG COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

COIMBATORE
DEPARTMENT OF
INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

CASE STUDY ON GAIN SCHEDULING

K.B.VICKRAM
22MO03
II-YEAR
M.E-CONTROL SYSTEM
16/11/2023 ASSIGNMENT PRESENTATION 1
CASE STUDY 1:
An Adaptive Gain Scheduled PID Controller for
PWR type of Nuclear Reactor
INTRODUCTION:
• The adaptive gain scheduled PID controller for PWR type of Nuclear Reactor.
• The main goal of the work is to develop a mathematical model for the reactor core of PWR and to develop
an adaptive gain scheduled controller.
• Nuclear power is the most environmentally favorable way of producing electricity on a huge scale.
• The demand for electricity is increasing twice as fast as overall energy use.
• The mathematical model of the PWR nuclear reactor, presents the proposed controller, and compares its
performance with a fixed PID controller.
• The results show that the proposed control scheme gives an improved performance over conventional
PID.
• The discussion of the benefits of using an adaptive gain scheduled PID controller for PWRs.

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PRESSURIZED WATER REACTOR:

Fig 1: PRESSURIZED WATER REACTOR

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BACKGROUND OF THE PAPER:
• However, the performance of nuclear reactors is affected by significant variations
in linear model parameters, which can lead to instability and poor set point
tracking.
• To address this issue, the paper proposes an adaptive gain scheduled PID
controller for PWR type of Nuclear Reactor.
• The controller is designed to accommodate the variations in model parameters at
different power levels and improve the performance of the reactor.
• The paper presents the mathematical model of the PWR nuclear reactor, the
proposed controller, and the results of its performance compared to a fixed PID
controller.

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PRACTICAL APPLICATION:

• Improved safety: The proposed controller is designed to adapt to changes in the reactor's
operating conditions and to maintain stable and safe operation of the reactor.

• Increased efficiency: The controller can help to optimize the reactor's performance by
adjusting the control parameters in real-time based on the reactor's operating conditions.

• Future development: The results of this study can be used by nuclear power plant
operators and researchers to develop and implement advanced control strategies for
PWRs.

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MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF PWR AND
GAIN SCHEDULING PID CONTROLLER:

Equations 1 and 2 represent the equivalent normalized point kinetics equations with one delayed
neutron group.

Using the normalized point-kinetics equations for , the reactor power as a function of time can be
represented as given in Equation 3.

The thermal hydraulics model (lumped fuel and coolant temperatures) are represented by the
Equations 4

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, Ω, M, and are related to power level. Equations 10-13 shows this dependence.

These are the equation is modelling of PWR and PID controller.

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OUTPUT RESPONSE:

Fig 2:Structure of GSPID Fig 3: Setpoint tracking of PID and

16/11/2023 GSPID.
ASSIGNMENT PRESENTATION 8
FUTURE RECOMMENDATION AND
CONCLUSION:
• The proposed controller is based on a mathematical model of the reactor core, which takes into
account the non-linear behavior of the reactor and the effects of xenon and iodine concentrations.

• The controller is designed to adapt to changes in the reactor's operating conditions and to
maintain stable and safe operation of the reactor.

• The paper believe that the proposed controller can be a valuable tool for improving the
performance and safety of PWRs.

• However, further research is needed to validate the controller's performance under different
operating conditions and to optimize its parameters.

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CASE STUDY 2:
Modeling and Implementation of Hydro Turbine Power
Adaptive Control based on Gain Scheduling Technique
INTRODUCTION:

• The paper investigates the dynamic behavior of a hydro turbine and develops an adaptive gain scheduling
control system for hydro turbine power control.

• Hydroelectric power generation is important and requires efficient and reliable control systems for hydro
turbines.

• The proposed adaptive gain scheduling control system is expected to have advantages over conventional PI
controllers in hydro turbine power control.

• The paper introduces the hybrid instrumental environment, which is a combination of different tools and
technologies used to create an environment for modeling and simulation of the proposed gain scheduling
hydro turbine control system.
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 WHAT IS HYDRO TURBINE:
• The hydroelectric turbine is a device
capable of transforming the kinetic
energy of water into mechanical energy.

• They're an essential element of

hydroelectric power stations and have
very high performance.

• It is estimated that turbines are able to

convert over 90% of water's kinetic
energy into mechanical energy.

Fig 4: Hydro Turbine

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BACKGROUND OF THIS PAPER:
• Need for efficient and reliable control systems for hydro turbines in power limited energy systems

• Use of gain scheduling technique to adjust controller gains based on operating conditions of the

hydro turbine

• Implementation of the proposed control system in a programmable logical controller (PLC) and

monitoring by a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system

• Presentation of simulation results demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed control system in

regulating the power output of a hydro turbine under different operating conditions

• Use of a MATLAB-based nonlinear discrete plant model, PLC, and data acquisition hardware for

investigating the dynamic behavior of a hydro turbine.

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PRACTICAL APPLICATION:

• The practical application of this paper is to provide a useful tool for regulating the
power output of hydro turbines in hydroelectric power plants.

• The proposed control system can be implemented in a real-world industrial

setting to improve the efficiency and reliability of hydroelectric power generation.

• The hybrid instrumental environment developed in this paper can also be used as
a tool for investigating the dynamic behavior of hydro turbines and developing
control systems for them

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OUTPUT RESPONSE:

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FUTURE RECOMMENDATION :
• The proposed control system can be further improved by incorporating advanced control
techniques such as model predictive control (MPC) and fuzzy logic control (FLC).

• Additionally, the authors suggest that the proposed system can be tested in real-world
industrial applications to evaluate its performance and effectiveness.

• Finally, the authors recommend that future research should focus on developing more
accurate and reliable models of hydro turbines to improve the performance of the control
system.

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CONCLUSION:
• The proposed adaptive gain scheduling control system is effective in regulating the power output
of a hydro turbine under different operating conditions.

• The hybrid instrumental environment developed in this paper provides a useful tool for
investigating the dynamic behavior of hydro turbines and developing control systems for them.

• Future research should focus on improving the accuracy and reliability of hydro turbine models,
testing the proposed control system in real-world industrial applications, and incorporating
advanced control techniques such as model predictive control and fuzzy logic control.

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 THANK YOU

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