BUSINESS STUDIES

GRADE 12
TEACHER CONTENT TRAINING

SCOPE OF TRAINING: TERM 3 CONTENT

P2 CONTENT

02/08/2023
EKURHULENI SOUTH DISTRICT

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 COUNTDOWN 2023
OFFICIAL COUNTDOWN
199 SCHOOL DAYS in 2023

Term 1: 51 school days = 0 days left

Term 2: 49 school days = 18 days left and 21 Exam Days
Term 3: 52 school days minus 19 Exam days = 33 days left
Term 4: 47 school days = 11 days left (revision)

The total days for teaching: 51+28+34 = 113 days

17 TEACHING DAYS REMAINING AS OF 1 August 2023 BEFORE PRELIMS

28 TEACHING DAYS REMAINING AS OF 1 August 2023 BEFORE FINAL EXAM
 BUSINESS STUDIES
GRADE 12
TERM 3 CONTENT
HUMAN RIGTHS, SOCIAL RIGHTS, ECONOMIC
RIGHTS AND CULTURAL RIGHTS

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 TERM 3 2023 ATP COVERAGE
TERM NO. OF BUSINESS ROLES - SUBTOPICS WEIGHTING
WEEKS
2 Human rights, inclusivity and environmental 4.76%
issues
1 Social responsibility 4.76%
3 1 Cooperate social responsibility and Cooperate 4.76%
social investment

1 Presentation and Data response 4.76%

2 Forms of ownership 4.76%
TOTAL 7 WEEKS 5 TOPICS 19.04%
 HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE WORKPLACE
HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUCTIONAL
VERBS/ASSESSMENT
• Privacy (personal information) Name/Outline Refer to Q 4.1 2019 DBE
• Dignity SC/ NOV 2022(Might be outline)
• Equity (fair/equal treatment) Identify the human from the given
• Freedom of speech and scenario
expression Recommend ways in which businesses
• Information could deal with the human rights in the
• Safety, security and protection workplace
of life
NOTE: Refer to page 30 E.G
 DIAGNOSTIC REPORTS
• The 2017-2022 national diagnostic reports revealed the following misconceptions and errors committed by
the candidates:
• Some candidates confused economic rights with human/social and cultural rights.
• Poor performance was noted in Q4.5 as many candidates confused the social rights of employees with either
human rights or cultural rights of employees in the workplace. Some only mentioned ‘the right to clean water’
as a social right. Candidates might not have been familiar with this question as it was the first time that it was
assessed in the NSC examination.
• Some candidates had difficulty in making recommendations on how businesses could promote cultural rights
in the workplace.
• Responses were limited to “cultural activities that must be allowed in the workplace”.
• Many candidates continue to base their answers on “allowing employees to practice their culture in the
workplace” even though recommendations were made in the 2016 and 2017 national diagnostic reports that
these facts will not be relevant in this context. Other incorrect responses included the cultures of candidates.
• You are advised to go through the recommendations that are made on these reports on how to
address this challenge in the classroom.
 HUMAN RIGHTS
HUMAN RIGHTS: KEY WORDS
1. Privacy ● Employees’ personal information
● Chronic illnesses, Employees emails
2. Dignity ● Respect
● Degrading work
3. Equity ● Equal pay
● Equal opportunities, Discrimination
4. Freedom of speech and expression ● Open communication
● Employees’ opinion, Grievances
5. Information ● Access to information
● Financial statement

● Receive information
6.Safety, security and protection of life ● Protective clothing (environmental issues: role of employer)
● Comply with legislations
● Precautionary measures.
 ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS IN THE WORKPLACE
ECONOMIC RIGHTS SOCIAL RIGHTS CULTURAL RIGHTS

OUTLINE : NAME HIGH ORDER

• Free from forced labour RECOMMEND WAYS IN WHICH RECOMMEND WAYS IN WHICH
• Free to accept or choose work BUSINESS COULD PROMOTE BUSINESS COULD PROMOTE
• Join/Form trade unions
• Right to participate in a legal strike
• Equal pay for work of equal value
• Reasonable limitation of working hours
• Safe and healthy working conditions
KEY WORDS KEY WORDS

Use the social as key words to o cultural tolerance

make recommendation o cultural backgrounds
o cultural activities
o cultural food and entertainment
Clean water o cultural information
Education o language
Protection o solutions
Health care
 SOCIAL RIGHTS NAME/ RECOMMEND/ADVISE HOW
NAME RECOMMEND/ADVISE BUSINESS HOW THEY CAN PROMOTE SOCIAL RIGHTS
Clean water Businesses should ensure that employees have access to clean water
Education Businesses should provide opportunities for skills training/basic education
Protection Register workers with UIF to provide adequate protection in the event of
unemployment/illness.
Health care Provide health care services by establishing site clinics to give employees access to
basic medical examinations
Encourage employees to participate in special events, e.g. World Aids day.

● Advise learners to refrain from providing general responses on ways in

which businesses should promote social rights in the workplace. They
must also be able to identify social rights from given
statements/scenarios.
 IMPLICATIONS OF EQUALITY, RESPECT AND DIGNITY FOR BUSINESSES

• Learners must know that the implications of equality, respect and dignity for
businesses are embedded.
• Ensure that learners first understand the implications of the above-mentioned
different types of human rights before you start a new lesson on this topic.
• Flag the notes on the implications of equality, respect and dignity for businesses and
request learners to classify these notes into different types of human rights.
• NOTE: This topic focus mainly on HOW businesses should respect employees in terms
of equality, respect, and dignity.
BUSINESS STUDIES
GRADE 12
TERM 3 CONTENT
DIVERSITY

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 DIAGNOSTIC REPORT
• The 2015-2022 national diagnostic reports on learner performance have highlighted
the following misconceptions and errors committed by candidates:
• Some candidates could not correctly identify the diversity issues applicable in the
given scenario. They lost marks for motivation that were not linked to the diversity
issue.
• Some candidates made incorrect references on how businesses could deal with
diversity issues in the workplace.
• Many candidates confused the benefits of diversity with either the advantages of
creative thinking or ways in which businesses can deal with diversity issues in the
workplace. Some responses were based on the advantages of EEA on businesses. The
same error was committed in the 2020 Nov NSC paper 2 Examination.
 DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE

Meaning of diversity
Diversity means that people are different in terms of races, gender, age, culture, religion
and background etc.
Refers to the variety of people employed based on age/race/gender etc.

DIVERSITY ISSUES INSTRUCTIONAL VERBS

1. Poverty • Elaborate on the meaning of diversity in the business
2. Race • Identify diversity issues from given
3. Gender statements/scenarios
4. Language • Recommend ways in which businesses could deal with
5. Age each diversity issue in the workplace
6. Culture/Religion • Discuss the benefits of diversity in the workplace
7. Disability
 WAYS IN WHICH BUSINESS CAN DEAL WITH DIVERSITY ISSUES
ASSESSMENT KEY WORDS
Name any…. POVERTY RACE GENDER AGE
Name/Identify from a
given scenario

Recommend ways in -free uniforms -affirmative action -equal employment -person aged 15 or
which businesses could -subsidised meals -discrimination opportunities younger
deal with the diversity -learnerships -EEA and BBBEE -gender equity -older employees
issue identify in -prices of products -diverse workplace -managerial positions -young employees
QUESTION… -train employees -appointments -age of permanent
-train employees employees

LANGUAGE CULTURE/RELIGION DISABIBILITY

-official language of -special food -employment
the business -special request opportunities
-interpreter -discrimination -train employees
-communication -cultural differences -Accommodate
-meetings -Policies and
-business contracts programmes
 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT METHODS FOR DIVERSITY ISSUES IN THE WORKPLACE

● Recap the meaning of inclusivity that was covered in Grade 10 e.g. inclusivity means that businesses should
not discriminate employees against gender, age, race, language, disability etc
● As learners to explain the importance of inclusivity in the workplace as this was also covered in Grade 10.
● Inform learners that we are going to look at how businesses can achieve inclusivity by addressing diversity issues
in the workplace.
● Request learners to give examples of diversity issues that may be present in the workplace.
● Sort learners’ responses by removing the diversity issues that are not mentioned in the 2021 Exam Guidelines as the focus is only
on seven diversity issues. Refer to page 30 of the 2021 Exam Guidelines.
● Ask learners to provide strategies that businesses can use to deal with each of the following diversity issues in the workplace:
● Provide a detailed explanation of how businesses should deal with each diversity issue in the workplace.
● Request learners to provide other strategies of dealing with each diversity issue.
● Learners must be advised that “religion” forms part of “culture” and that businesses can use the same strategies to deal with
the former and the latter.
SUGGESTED TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT METHODS FOR DIVERSITY ISSUES IN THE WORKPLACE
• Provide practical examples of how certain businesses deal with some diversity issues e.g. Indians have
special prayer room, and they can observe the prayer sessions once or twice a day. Men are also allowed a
take an extended lunch on a Friday to attend Mosque.
• Learners must be requested to do research on how businesses deal with any type of a diversity issue and
present their findings in classroom.
• Request learners to explain the benefits of diversity in the workplace. They should be able to provide correct
responses if they are well conversant with ways in which businesses can deal with each diversity issue.
• Use the following key words to guide learners on how they can write facts on the benefits of diversity in
the workplace:
o Morale/motivation
o Good public image
o Competitive advantage
o Innovative ideas
o Loyalty
o Communication
o Customer satisfaction
o Profitability
SUGGESTED TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT METHODS FOR DIVERSITY ISSUES IN THE WORKPLACE
• Ensure that learners do not confuse the benefits of diversity with the advantages of creative thinking.
Diversity deals with people while creative thinking deals with “ new ideas”. Furthermore, the aim of
diversity is to achieve inclusivity in the workplace, while the aim of creative thinking is to find
new ways of doing things in the workplace.
 BUSINESS STUDIES
GRADE 12
TERM 3 CONTENT
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

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 ENVIRONMETAL ISSUES
RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYERS IN
PROMOTING HUMAN HEALTH AND SAFETY
-must provide and maintain
equipment that is necessary for
employees to perform their work.
-must provide personal protective
clothing to workers and reduce or
remove dangers in the workplace.
-comply with safety laws
-equipment must be used under the
supervision of a designated trained
worker
ROLES OF HEALTH AND SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYEES IN
REPRESENTATIVE IN PROCTECTING THE PROMOTING HUMAN HEALTH AND SAFETY
WORKPLACE
-ensure that all equipment that is -use prescribed safety equipment
necessary to perform work
provided/maintained regularly.
-ensure that the correct personal -cooperate and comply with the
protective clothing is provided rules and procedures e.g., wear
and available to all workers, and prescribe safety clothing such as
that the workers are always wearing hard hats, safety shoes and gloves.
it.
-ensure that employers comply with -take care of their own health and
COIDA. safety in the workplace
ensure that dangerous equipment is
used under the supervision of
trained/qualified worker.
 STRATEGIES BUSINESSES MAY USE TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH.

● Request learners to suggest strategies on how businesses can protect the environment and human health.
● NOTE: This topic focuses on protecting the internal and external environment rather than safety in the workplace.
● Provide a detailed description of how businesses may protect the environment and human health.
● Classify the notes according to the following categories:
HEALTH MAINTENANCE LEGISLATION
● Educate people about hygiene • Physical working conditions, e.g. • Laws and regulations should be
issues. adequate lighting/ventilation adhered to so that profits are not
● Encourage employees to do regular should be available and generated at the expense of the
health checks functional environment

● Water for human consumption • Machines must be ● Register/Engage with recognised

should be tested before it is used. serviced/maintained regularly. institutions/bodies that promote
• The environment can be green peace.
● Physical working conditions should
always be worker friendly, safe and protected by altering production
promote occupational health techniques in favour of cleaner
and greener technologies.
 DIAGNOSTIC REPORT ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

• The 2015-2022 national diagnostic reports on learner performance have highlighted the
following misconceptions and errors committed by candidates:
• Many candidates confused Q4.2 with either the responsibility of employers in protecting
the workplace environment or strategies on how businesses can promote the health and
safety of employees in the workplace.
• Some responses were based on employee wellness rather than safety measures in the
workplace. Some candidates listed advantages of having the health and safety
representatives in the workplace or referred to compliance with the provisions of COIDA.
• Many candidates showed confusion in Q3.7 regarding the responsibilities of employers
and employees in protecting human health and safety in the workplace. Some responses
were incorrectly based on the role of the health and safety representatives in protecting
the workplace environment whilst others confused this question with the well-being of
employees which was asked in Q3.5.
 RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYERS IN PROMOTING HUMAN HEALTH AND SAFETY IN THE WORKPLACE

 Provide and maintain all the equipment that is necessary to perform the work.
 Equipment must be used under the supervision of a designated trained worker
 Keep the systems to ensure that there will be no harmful impact on the health and safety of workers.
 Reduce/Remove dangers to workers and provide personal protective clothing
 Employers must know where potential dangers might be and take measures to eliminate or limit the harm
 Ensure that the workers’ health is not damaged by hazards resulting from production
/processing/storage/transportation of materials or equipment
 Workers must be informed /instructed/and supervised to limit potential dangers to them/Emergency exit door
signs should be visible to all employees
 Comply with safety laws which seek to promote a healthy working environment
 ROLES OF HEALTH AND SAFETY RESPRESENTATIVES IN PROTECTING HUMAN HEALTH AND SAFETY IN THE
WORKPLACE

 Identify potential dangers in the workplace

 Investigating workers’ complaints
 Ensure that employers comply with COIDA
 Ensure that protective clothing is provided /available to all workers.
 Promote safety training so that employees may avoid potential dangers/act pro-actively.
 Ensure that all equipment that is necessary to perform work are provided /maintained regularly.
 Ensure that dangerous equipment is used under the supervision of trained/qualified workers.
 Check/Monitor the effectiveness of health and safety measures with management
 Initiate/promote/Maintain /Review measures to ensure the health and safety of workers.
 Ensure that workers’ health and safety is not endangered by hazards resulting from production
/processing/storage/transportation of material/equipment.
 Work together with the employer to investigate any accidents/complaints from the workers concerning
health and safety in the workplace.
NOTE: (Health and Safety Representatives are elected by co-workers to act on their behalf in resolving health
and safety issues in the workplace.)
 BUSINESS STUDIES
GRADE 12
TERM 3 CONTENT
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILTY

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 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
• The 2015-2020 national diagnostic report on learner performance have
highlighted the following misconceptions and errors committed by
candidates:
• They still did not know the meaning of “impact” (positives and/or
negatives). The responses were based on the impact of CSI on
communities. Some gave examples of CSI projects instead of explaining
the impact on businesses.
• Candidates found it difficult to name the components of CSR as it was
confused with the focus areas of CSI. This is a new question in the NSC
examination.
 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

• Define/Elaborate on the meaning of social responsibility.

• Explain the relationship/link between social responsibility and triple bottom line.
• Name/identify the following socio-economic issues from a given scenario/statement
o HIV/Aids
o Unemployment
o Poverty
• Recommend/Suggest ways in which businesses can deal with the above socio –
economic issues.
• Explain/Recommend ways in which business can contribute time and effort in
improving the well-being of:
 Employees
Communities
 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
- it is an obligation to work towards improving the welfare of society.
- an ethical viewpoint that says every individual/organisation has an
obligation to benefit the society as a whole.
- the responsibility of every citizen/organization to contribute towards the
well-being of the community
- and the environment in which they live. This responsibility can take the
form of:
o avoiding any actions that could harm the environment and society.
o acting in a way that improve other peoples of life.
 STRATEGIES TO DEAL WITH SOCIO – ECONOMIC ISSUES
HIV/AIDS
Roll out anti-retroviral (ARV)
treatment programmes (ART) for
the infected employees.
Train/Hire counsellors to provide
counselling to infected and
affected persons/employees.
Develop counselling
programmes for infected
employees and their relatives.
UNEMPLOYMENT
Provide skill development through
learnership
Support existing small businesses to
grow, with time and money, to enable
them to create more employment
opportunities.
Offer bursaries to the community and
employees to improve their level of
education.
Create jobs for members of the
community in the business.
POVERTY
Offer the best volunteering
programs to identify and
attract potential employees.
Invest in young starting
businesses who can be a
business competitor, buyer,
or supplier.
Conduct entrepreneurial
programmes that can
promote self-employment.
 STRATEGIES TO DEAL WITH SOCIO – ECONOMIC ISSUES
COMMUNITY EMPLOYEES
Business should improve the general life of the Provide transport for employees who unusually work
community long hours.
Ensure that the product they supply does not Provide for employees’ participation in decision-making
harm consumer/the environment. that affects them.
Provide recreational facilities to promote social Provide recreational facilities for employees and
cohesion/health activities. encourage them to stay healthy.
Make ethically correct business correct decisions. Offer annual medical assessment to workers.
Donate money to community project to uplift Offer financial assistance in case of any hardship caused
the community. by unexpected medical cost.
Participants in community projects involving Pay fair wages to workers based on the nature of their
HIV/Aids work.
Refrain from engaging in illegal/ harmful Pay fair bonuses, based on business earnings, as an
practices such employing children under legal age acknowledgement for hard work and commitment.
 BUSINESS STUDIES
GRADE 12
TERM 3 CONTENT
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILTY

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 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY /INVESTEMENT
ASSESSMENT

Coperate Social Responsibility Social Coperate Investment

Define/Elaborate on the meaning of CSR Define/Elaborate on the meaning of CSI

Explain/Describe the purpose of CSR Explain/Describe the purpose of CSI

Identify/Name/Outline the components of CSR Identify/Name/Outline the focus areas of CSI

Explain/Discuss/Evaluate the impact of CSR/SCI on businesses and communities.

Refer to page 29 bullet 5

Explain/Distinguish/Differentiate between CSR and CSI.

 Coperate Social Responsibility and Social Coperate Investment
ELABORATE ON THE MEANING OF SCR AND SCI
Coperate Social Responsibility Social Coperate Investment
- is the way business conduct its operation -it is when business commits money,
ethically and morally regarding the use resources, and time to a specific
human, physical and their funds. project that will improve the lives of
people.
- is an obligation required by law and -the projects are not directly for the
benefits both business and society. purpose of increasing company profits.
- the continuing commitment by business
to behave ethically and contribute to the
economic development while improving the
quality of the life for employees and their
families and communities.
 PURPOSE OF CSR AND SCI
Coperate Social Responsibility
aims at creating a safe working
environment for employees
business operations address the triple
bottom line through CSR programs to
be listed on the JSE SRI.
the business’s policies should consider
ethical issues, for example, they decide
to cut on their emissions in the production
process.
Is an internal programme that businesses
use to comply with laws and ethics
Social Coperate Investment
aims at contributing towards sustainable
development of its immediate
communities
-is enforceable by law and government
requires business.
-CSI projects play positive role in the
development of communities.
CSI reveals business’s attitude towards
the community in which it operates.
 Components of CSR
Components Explanation
Environment Businesses must take care of the environment by participating in
environmental programmes like recycling waste, reducing their carbon
emissions, and so on.

Ethical corporate social he business is compelled to look after human rights like respect for
investment employees, customers, and suppliers. For example, they must ensure
good treatment of workers, safe products for customers, and fair trade
with suppliers.

Health and safety The business must ensure that the working environment is safe for all
stakeholders.
Corporate governance The business must always be accountable, transparent, and comply with
the law, as suggested by the King IV code.

Business ethics Every business must integrate its core values like honesty, respect, and
fairness into all its policies and practices.
 Components of CSR
Components Explanation
To comply with the laws, the business must have diversity, equity, and
Employment equity equality in the workplace as prescribed by the EEA and other Acts.

Supply chain/ Bad practices of business associates reflect negatively on the business.
Distribution channel They must influence the entire supply chain to take part in good CSR
practices.
Customers Customers consider the manner in which goods and services are produced
by the business, in addition to the cost and quality. Customers are
also concerned with the impact of the business’s practices on the
environment and community.
Community A business must be in close contact with its community to know their real
needs, issues, and risks before the business can develop a CSR strategy
for the community.
Impact of
CSR/SCI on
Communities
 Impact of
CSR/SCI on
Businesses
Differences between CSR and CSI
 THE NATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC REPORT ON LEARNER PERFORMANCE

The 2015-2021 national diagnostic report on learner performance have highlighted the following
misconceptions and errors committed by candidates:
• Many candidates confused the impact of CSI on businesses with communities. Others provided
incomplete responses, such as increased profitability and market share. There were also instances
where candidates either repeated words that were used in the scenario or gave other examples of CSI
projects. These were not relevant to answering this question.
• Some candidates confused the corporate social investment (CSI) focus areas with the corporate social
responsibility programmes even though the examples of CSI focus areas are provided in the 2021
Examination Guidelines. This could be because this question was asked for the first time in the NSC
examination in Section A.
• Many candidates listed examples of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate social
investments (CSI) programmes/projects instead of distinguishing between these concepts. Some
confused CSR with CSI. It seems as if candidates had limited understanding of these two concepts.
Others used CSR components and CSI focus areas to explain the differences.
 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT METHODS FOR CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

● Flag the purpose of CSR on the Smartboard and request learners to link some of the definition of
CSR with some of its purpose. Refer to the example below:
DEFINITION OF CSR PURPOSE
• A business voluntarily takes steps to ● CSR aims at creating a safe working
improve the quality of life for employees environment for employees
and their families and communities. ● Key areas of concern are protecting the
environment, the wellbeing of
employees from the community
• Corporate Social Responsibility/CSR is • CSR programmes are internal
the way a business conducts its programmes that businesses use to
operations ethically and morally comply with laws and ethics
regarding the use of human, physical
and their funds.
 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT METHODS FOR CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
NOTE: Learners may not be able to understand the purpose of CSR without the being well conversant with the meaning
of CSR.
CSR programmes must focus on how businesses will implement the triple bottom line elements in Social
responsibility
Learners must not confuse the components of CSR with CSI focus areas that will be deal with in the next unit.
Make learners aware that the CSR components focuses programmes that are aimed at addressing people and
planet for an example:
CSR COMPONENTS TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE COMPONENT
Environment Planet
Ethical corporate social investment
Health and safety
Employment equity People
Employees and customers
Community

Corporate governance Profits

Business ethics
TYPICAL EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE PURPOSE AND THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CSR & CSI

● Name the CSI focus areas

NOTE: Learners may be requested to identify CSI from a given scenario
● Define / Elaborate on the meaning of CSI
● Explain / Discuss the purpose of CSI
NOTE: Learners may be asked to advise businesses on the purpose of CSI.
● Outline the differences between CSR & CSI
● Advise businesses on the differences between CSR & CSI
 BUSINESS STUDIES
GRADE 12
TERM 3 CONTENT
BUSINESS PRESENTATION AND DATA RESPONSES

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 PRESENTATION
❖ outline/explain/discuss factors that must be considered when preparing for a presentation
(before the presentation)
❖ outline/explain factors that must be considered by the presenter while
(during the presentation) presenting, for example, maintain eye contact/use visual aids
effectively/move/do not speak fast/use pauses effectively, and so on
❖ identify factors that must be considered when preparing for a presentation and during the
presentation from given scenarios/ case studies .
❖ explain how to respond to questions after a presentation in a non-aggressive and
professional manner
(after the presentation)
❖ quote ways in which the presenter can handle feedback/questions in a non-aggressive and
professional manner from given scenarios/ case studies.
 PRESENTATION

❖ suggest /recommend ways in which the presenter can handle feedback in a non-
aggressive and professional manner.
❖ explain/suggest/recommend areas of improvement in the next presentation
❖ identify areas of improvement in the next presentation from given scenarios/case
studies
❖ outline/explain aspects that must be considered when designing a multimedia
presentation, for
❖ give examples of non-verbal presentations, for example, written reports, scenarios,
types of graphs (for example, line, pie, bar charts, and so on), as well as other non-verbal
types of information such as pictures and photographs.
 FACTORS TO CONSIDER & AREAS OF IMPROVEMENT
BEFORE PRESENTATION DURING PRESENTATION IN THE NEXT PRESENTATION
Clear purpose/intentions/objectives and main Make the purpose/main points of the presentation The presenter should revise objective that were
points of the presentation. clear at the start of the presentation. not achieved.

The main aims captured in the Mention/Show the most important information
introduction/opening statement of the first.
presentation.

Create visual aids/graphics that will Make the presentation interesting with visual Increase/Decrease the use of visual aids or
consolidate the information/facts to be aids/anecdotes/examples/Use visual aids replace/remove aids that do not work well.
conveyed to the board of directors. effectively.

Consider the time frame for presentation, e.g. Manage time effectively to allow time for questions. Reflect on time/length of the presentation to
fifteen minutes allowed. add/remove content.

Add some appropriate humour to the Use humour appropriately.

presentation.

Prepare a rough draft of the presentation Use suitable section Reflect on the logical flow of the
with a logical structure/format with an titles/headings/subheadings/bullets to format/slides/application of visual aids.
introduction, body, and conclusion. simplify the presentation.

Rehearse to ensure a confident Do not ramble on at the start, to avoid

presentation/effective use of time losing the audience/their interest.
management.
 DATA RESPONSE
• Outline/explain aspects that must be considered when designing a multimedia
presentation
• Give examples of non-verbal presentation
• Explain/ Discuss/Evaluate the impact of the following visual aids
o Power Point/data projector
o Overhead projectors/Transparencies
o Hand-outs/flyer/brochures
o Flip charts
o Interactive whiteboard/Smart board
o Posters/signs/banners/portable advertising stands/flags
• Identify visual aids from a given scenarios
 ASPECTS THAT MUST BE CONSIDERED WHEN DESIGNING A MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATION

Multimedia presentation refers to a verbal presentation that is complemented with the use of slides/videos and
audio. Multimedia can enhance any presentation and captivate the audience. The infusion of the most effective
visual aids in a presentation requires thorough planning on the part of the presenter.
• Start with the text which forms the basis of the presentation.
• Use legible font and size so that it easy to see and read.
• Select the background to enhance the text.
• Choose images that may help to communicate the message.
• Include graphics to assist the information which is conveyed.
• Add special effects/sounds/pictures/animation to make it interesting to the audience.
• Create hyperlinks to allow quick access to other files/video clips/documents.
• Use bright colours to increase visibility.
• Keep slides/images/graphs/font simple by not mixing styles/colours.
• Structure information in a logical sequences for the audience to follow content of the presentation.
• Limit information on each slide by using key words and not full sentences.
 IMPACT OF INTERACTIVE WHITEBOARD/SMART
BOARDS
POSITIVES/ADVANTAGES
• Easy to combine with sound/other visual aids.
• Useful to capture feedback and new ideas.
• Can be controlled by the touch of a finger, so the presenter can move away
from the computer during the presentation.
• Special pens allow the presenter to write on the board while prepared
images are displayed.
• Additional notes that was added during the presentation can be captured on
computer after the presentation..
• Images can be projected directly from a computer, so no external
projector/devices necessary.
AND/OR
NEGATIVES/DISADVANTAGES

• Can only be used by a presenter who knows the unique features of the
interactive whiteboard/smart boards and uses it to its full potential.
• Cannot be connected to any computer as special, licensed software is needed
to be able to use it.
• Cannot be connected to any computer as a special software license is needed
to be able to use it.
• Technical challenges may render it ineffective, e.g., loss of signal while using it.
 IMPACT OF POSTERS/SIGNS/BANNERS/PORTABLE ADVERTISING
STANDS/FLAGS
POSITIVES/ADVANTAGES
• Useful in promoting the logo/vision of the business.
• It should be colourful/eye-catching/creative to support the core
message of the presentation.
• Can make impact when placed strategically in/outside the venue
• May contain large illustrations/pictures/features of the products/key
concepts to emphasise detail, e.g., creative jewellery/unique features
of the jewellery.
AND/OR

NEGATIVES/DISADVANTAGES
• May not always be useful in a small venue/audience as it can create a
'crowded' atmosphere.
• May overpower/draw attention away from the presentation if it is too
big/not placed correctly.
• Only focuses on visual aspects as it cannot always be combined with
sound/audio.
 IMPACT OF FLIP CHARTS

POSITIVES/ADVANTAGES
• Mainly used for a small audience to note down short
notes/ideas.
• Very effective in brain storming sessions as suggestions are
summarised or listed.
• In a sales pitch it may be useful during the feedback session to
summarise main facts/aspects that the presenter needs to
follow up.
AND/OR
NEGATIVES/DISADVANTAGES
• There may not be enough time during the presentation to
make written notes, so some ideas may not be listed.
• Handwriting may be illegible/ untidy which may not
contribute to a professional image/presentation.
• It may not always be possible to prepare flip charts before the
presentation, so it can become cluttered/ chaotic.
 IMPACT OF HAND-OUTS/FLYERS/BROCHURES

POSITIVES/ADVANTAGES
• Meaningful hand-outs may be handed out at the start of the presentation to
attract attention/encourage participation.
• Notes/Hard copies of the slide presentation can be distributed at the end of the
presentation as a reminder of the key facts of the presentation.
• It is easy to update hand-outs with recent information or developments.
• Notes may be compared with electronic slides to validate the accuracy.
• Extra information, e.g., contact details/price lists may be handed out to promote
the services of the business.
• Useful information for improving the next presentation may be obtained, when
the audience completes feedback questionnaires after the presentation.

AND/OR
NEGATIVES/DISADVANTAGES
• Handing out material at the start of the presentation may distract/lose audience
attention.
• As it only summarises key information, some details might be lost/omitted.
• Printed material is expensive, and it is easy to lose hard copies.
• Increases the risk of unauthorised duplication/use of confidential information.
• Hand-outs cannot be combined with audio material, so it only focuses on the
visual aspects of support material.
 IMPACT OF OVERHEAD PROJECTORS/
TRANSPARENCIES
POSITIVES/ADVANTAGES
• OHP transparencies can be used to reflect colour images.
• It can be prepared manually (OHP pens) or electronically on computer/copier.
• It may be an effective/useful reminder to the presenter of all the points to be covered.
• Summaries/Simple graphics/Diagrams/Processes may be explained easily on
transparencies.
• A useful replacement/back-up if computer/electronic equipment fail or are not
available.
• Effective transparencies/projections should be clear and visible, e.g., large print, few
words/lines.
• Effective transparencies/projections should be clear and visible, e.g., large print, few
words/lines.
AND/OR
NEGATIVES/DISADVANTAGES
• Not easy to combine with sound/audio.
• It can be easily replaced by a PowerPoint presentation.
• Used most effectively when lights are dimmed/switched off which make it difficult for
the audience to make their own notes.
• Transparencies that are not well ordered/ organised, may convey an unprofessional
image.
IMPACT OF POWER
POINT/DATA PROJECTOR

Positives/Advantages
• Graphic programmes have the capacity to convey ideas and support what the presenter says.
• Easy to combine with sound/video clips.
• Simple/Less cluttered slides may capture the interest of the audience.
• Video clips can provide variety and capture the attention of the audience.
• Variation of colour/background/sound immediately captures the attention of the audience and
retain their interest throughout the presentation.
• Slides should only be used where they can enhance the facts or summarise information.

AND/OR

•Negatives/Disadvantages
• Less effective to people with visual impairments.
• Unable to show slides without electricity/data projector.
• May lead to irritation/may result in the audience losing interest.
• Simply reading off the slides makes a presentation boring/meaningless
• Unprofessional handling of the data projector/PowerPoint presentation material.
 BUSINESS STUDIES
GRADE 12
TERM 3 CONTENT
FORMS OF OWNERSHIP

GET FET ET&SP

 FORMS OF OWNERSHIP
Explain/Discuss the characteristics of EACH form of ownership.
Identify forms of ownership from given scenarios
Explain the meaning of limited and unlimited liability.
Recap the impact of the different forms of ownership.
Explain/Discuss how the following criteria could contribute to the success and/or failure of each form of
ownership:
TAXATION
MANAGEMENT
CAPITAL
DIVISION OF PROFITS
LEGISLATION/LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
FORMS OF OWNERSHIP

COMPANIES

SOLE
CLOSE CORPORATION
TRADER/PROPRIETOR

PRIVATE STATE-OWNED
COMPANY COMPANY
PARTENERSHIP CO-OPERATIVES

PERSONAL
PUBLIC
LIANBLITY
COMPANY
COMPANY
 LIMITED AND
UNLIMITED
LIABILITY DIFFERENCES

It is important to determine who

will be liable for the debts,
losses, or actions of the
business in every form of
ownership.
Limited and unlimited liability
can be defined as follows:
•Limited liability – Losses
are limited to the amount that
the owner invested in the
business.
•Unlimited liability –The
owner’s personal assets may
be seized to pay for the debts
of the business.
CRITERIA THAT CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE SUCCESS AND/OR FAILURE

TAXATION

MANAGEM
ENT CAPITAL

DIVISION
LEGISLATI
OF
ON
PROFITS
 SOLE TRADER/PROPRIETOR
CHARACTERISTICS
The owner has a
personal interest in the
management and the
services that is rendered.
The owner provides
capital from his/her
saving/borrow money
from the bank.
Profit is added to the rest
of the owner’s taxable
income.
SUCCESS/AND OR FAILURE
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES SUCCESS FAILURE
The owner can make all If the owner does not have The owners may be The owner has to rely on
decisions and doesn’t enough knowledge or applying his/her own their own experience and
need to consult with experience, the business creativity when making skills and can make
anyone. may fail. important decisions. incorrect decisions.
It requires little capital The owner is responsible Capital will be carefully The owner is responsible
to start. for providing all the spent and managed for any capital
capital needed. because owners borrowed.
The growth of the contribute all capital.
business can be restricted
due to a lack of capital.
The owner is entitled The owner receives all Profits may not cover all
to all profits. profits from the business business debts, which
which can lead to capital might hinder the
growth. expansion of the
business.
 PARTNERSHIP

SUCCESS/AND OR FAILURE
CHARACTERISTICS ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES SUCCESS FAILURE
The partnership does not Partners are only Partners might not all The partnership does not High-earning partners
pay income tax, only the required to pay tax in contribute equally. pay income tax, only the pay more tax, which may
partners in their their personal and partners in their discourage other
personal capacities. individual capacity. personal capacities partners from joining the
partnership.

Partners share The partners able to put The wrongful actions of Partners are actively Some management tasks
responsibilities and they their knowledge and one partner will affect all involved in management may be neglected, as one
are all involved in skills together to other partners and may use the ideas of partner may leave it to
decision making collectively make the other partners. others to complete
best decisions.

No legal formalities to May find it easy and The partnership has lack Easy and cheap to Oral agreements
start, only a written inexpensive to establish of continuity, as a new establish, as partners between partners can
partnership agreement is even with a written partnership must be must draw up cause conflict between
required. agreement. formed when a partner partnership agreement. partners.
dies.
 PRIVATE COMPANY
Characteristics Advantages Disadvantages Success Failure

MANAGEMENT
Requires one or more Shareholders can Directors may Managed at least by Directors may not
directors and one or vote for/ appoint the sometimes act in their one competent highly have a direct interest
more shareholders. most capable own interest, not in skilled director. in the company, which
directors to manage the company's best can hamper growth
their company. interest. and profit
maximization.

TAXATION
Shareholders have Companies pay tax Pays tax on the Can obtain tax Subject to double
limited liability and a on a fixed tax rate. profits of the business rebates if they are taxation e.g.
separate legal entity. and on declared involved in SCI shareholders pay
dividends/Subject to projects. secondary tax this
double taxation. can have a negative
impact to a company
that is already
financially struggling
 PRIVATE COMPANY
Characteristics Advantages Disadvantages Success Failure
CAPITAL
Raises capital by Large amounts of Requires a lot of Large amount of Large amount of
issuing shares to its capital can be raised capital for capital can be raised capital cannot be
shareholders. since there is no limit establishment since there is no limit obtained as capital
on the number of on the number of contribution is only
shareholders. shareholders. limited to private
shareholders.

DIVISION OF PROFITS

Profits are shared in the Shareholders receive The more Profits generated can Dividends are not
form of dividends in profits according to shareholders, the be re-invested to always paid out
proportion to the number the type and number fewer dividends for expand business which may
of shares held. of their shares. shareholders. operations. discourage new
investors.
 PRIVATE COMPANY

Characteristics Advantages Disadvantages Success Failure

LEGISLATION

Companies must A company has its It is difficult to Procedures to form a If a private company
register with CIPC by own legal identity and establish as the private company have does not comply with
drawing up a shareholders have no company is subjected been simplified by the legislation, its licence
Memorandum of direct legal to many legal new Companies Act, may be withdrawn by
Incorporation. implications/limited requirements. No. 71 of 2008 the Companies and
liability. Intellectual Property
Commission (CIPC).
 NON-PROFIT ORGANISATION
Criteria Characteristic Advantages Disadvantages Success Failure
Taxation Qualifying NPCs are Most of the income May qualify for tax Must meet certain tax requirement
granted tax exempt of a non-profit exemption if certain criteria to be exempted, e.g, operations
status company is free are met. must be exclusive for charitable,
from income tax scientific or public safety purpose.

Management Managed by More directors Directors' fees More directors can bring Large management structure can
minimum of three may be appointed increase the more skills/ideas/expertise delay decision
directors company's expenses
which reduces net
profit
Capital They are funded by Surplus of income They are not allowed More capital maybe raised Company depend on operations as
donation and foreign are retained to to pay bonuses to through their main source of capital
funding further the goals of members donations/sponsorships for
the business operations
Division of All profits must be Profits are used The profits are used to May discourage potential investors
profits used for the primary solely for the finance other needs of the from investing in the company, as
objective of the non- primary objective company. this is a non-profit company
profit company of the organisation

Legislation It must prepare Financial statements are Formation procedures are time
audited and this may result in consuming/complicated/
Memorandum Of
effective use of resources expensive, as many legal
 PERSONAL LIABILITY
CRITERIA CHARACTERISTICS ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES SUCCESS FAILURE

Taxation Shareholders have Companies pay Must adhere to Companies and Subject to double
limited liability and a fixed tax rate the tax shareholders are taxation (28% on
a separate legal (28%). requirement of taxed straight profits and
entity the government. separately then before company
More (28 % on profits) pays out dividends,
opportunities to they are tax on
pay less tax dividend amount), for
example, when
shareholders pay
secondary tax, it can
harm a company that is
struggling financially.
Capital The company Large amounts It requires a lot Capital can be A large amount of
raises capital by of capital can be of capital to start increased by capital cannot be
issuing shares to its raised since there a company. getting more obtained as
shareholders is no limit on shareholders the capital
the number contribution is only
shareholders. limited to private
shareholders.
 PERSONAL LIABILITY
CRITERIA CHARACTERISTICS ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES SUCCESS FAILURE

Management Requires one or It is at least Directors may The decisions taken The director may use
more directors managed by one sometimes act in by the directors may personal experience
and one or more competent their own interest leads to the growth which may result to poor
shareholders highly skilled not in the company’s of the business as the decision making
director best interest direct is competent

Legislation The company has it is a legal It is difficult to Directors sign The drafting of director’s
legal personality person and can establish as the performance performance contracts
as well as sign contract in company is contracts that will may be time-
unlimited its own name subjected to many motivate them to consuming, expensive,
continuity legal requirements perform and increase costs.
professionally and
ethically
Division of Profits are shared High profits/ The more Profits/dividends Dividends are not
Profits in a form of dividends and shareholders the generated can be re- always paid out (when
dividends in good returns to fewer dividends invested to expand profits are LOW), which
proportion to the shareholders business operations may discourage new
number of shares investors
held
 PUBLIC COMPANY
Criteria Characteristics Advantages Disadvantages Success Failure

Legislation Auditing of Auditing of Large amount of Auditing of Annual audits

financial statement financial funds are spent financial of financial
is compulsory& statements gives on financial statement gives statements is
audited statements the shareholders audits. shareholders the costly
are available to the assurance that assurance that the
share holders. the business is business is being
being properly properly
managed and managed and
support raising supports raising
additional finance additional funds
Management Requires three or The management of Director's fees The management Director's fees
more directors the company can increase the of the company can increase the
improve since company's improve since company's
directors are expenses which directors are expenses which
accountable to reduces net profits accountable to reduces net
shareholders shareholders profits
 PUBLIC COMPANY
Capital Raising capital Additional financial Can raise large An increase in
by issuing shares can be affairs must be amounts of the amount of
shares to the raised by known capital as shares issued
public and issuing more publicly, this shares may lead to
borrow capital shares or information debentures can more
by issuing a debentures could be used be sold to the dividends paid
dentures to competitors public out /less
advantage. shareholders retained
income from
company
profits.
THANK YOU