The Microcirculation

Smallest blood vessels in the body:

 smallest arterioles

 metarterioles

 precapillary sphincters

 capillaries

 small venules
Precapillary sphincters exhibit vasomotion such *
that only 1\3 of the capillaries have flow during rest.

*Dilators increase the number of capillary beds that

. have flow
Important to keep in mind: *

that Blood flow to the capillary is determined

by the resistance of the vessels, specifically the
arterioles .

and resistance is mostly determined by radius

of the vessel sinus resistance is inversely
. proportional
Control mechanisms: that regulate the radius of
vessels by acting on the vascular smooth muscle.

 local \ intrinsic : myogenic , metabolic ,

autocoid.

.  central \ extrinsic : neural , hormonal

Diffusion THROUGHT THE CAPILLARY MEMBRANE : So it
is passive movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of
.low concentration
:Capillary Exchange
involves exchanging materials through capillary membranes

The exchanged materials include gasses, nutrients, hormones, wastes, carbon

.dioxide, lipid-soluble substances, and other molecules in the blood
Capillaries exchange materials with the extracellular fluid, cells of the body, or
.surrounding tissue

This capillary exchange occurs to bring certain materials into the blood (to transfer
to the body) or to eliminate wastes out of the blood

Blood will flow from arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and then
veins. When blood flows through capillaries, it goes slowly so that
.capillary exchange can occur
There is a lack of capillary exchange in the middle because the capillary hydrostatic
.pressure and the blood osmotic pressure are equal

.No diffusion will occur if no concentration gradient is present

The hydrostatic pressure inside the capillary is larger than the blood osmotic
.pressure. At the venule end of the capillary, the reverse is true

The net movement is of fluid into the capillary, and the blood osmotic pressure is
.higher than the capillary hydrostatic pressure
? How does capillary exchange occur

Capillary fluid exchange is essential because this is how

.gasses and nutrients are supplied to the body's cells
At the venule end of the capillary, the carbon dioxide and
.wastes are reabsorbed into the blood
At the arteriole end, the blood osmotic pressure is lower
than the hydrostatic pressure, and the net movement of
.substances is to the outside of the blood cells