INDIA- ENERGY RESOURCES (NON-

CONVENTIONAL)
• Need for the development of non-conventional energy sources
• Demand of energy – Domestic sector, agricultural sector,
industrial sector, transport sector
• Main source- fossil fuel- limited and are likely to be
exhausted
• Non conventional energy sources- environment friendly,
renewable, abundant, pollution free, sustainable source
• Eg: Solar, wind, tidal energy, geothermal energy, nuclear
energy, bio gas
 Solar energy
• In exhaustible source of
energy
• Tropical country
• Solar- photovoltaic cell
• Solar thermal appliances
• Solar power plants

• Thar desert region

• Punjab, Haryana
• Gujarat, Rajasthan and
other states
 Solar photovoltaic cell
• Directly convert solar energy into
electricity
• Made up of semi conducting
materials like silicon
• A set of solar cells with rechargeable
batteries- solar panel/Solar electric
power generator
• Used for- community lighting,
pumping water, irrigation, railway
signals, rural telephone system etc
Solar thermal appliances
• Solar energy- is in the scattered form
• Device which can collect the
scattered solar energy an converge it
into small area
• Solar collectors are used in Solar
cooker
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vz
BQb2W3NyI

Solar power plants

• Large concave reflectors are used
• Large quality of sunlight is concentrated
at a point – focus
• Focus – high attain very high
temperature
• Large concave reflectors are used in
solar furnace and solar power plants
Wind energy
• Windmills are used to harness wind power.
• Windmill: change the wind energy into mechanical energy
• : wind turbines used to generate electricity.
• Number of windmills are installed over a given area- wind farm

Advantages
Renewable, pollution-free
Do not produce any waste
Land can be used for cattle
rearing or farming
Limitation
• Gujarat, Maharashtra,
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu,
Depends on the velocity of the Andhra Pradesh, Odisha
wind • First wind farm- Mandvi-
Requires large areas Gujarat
• Highest wind potential-
Gujarat
• Largest farm- Kannyakumari
(TN)
Nuclear energy

• Nuclear fission can generate nuclear energy

• Nuclear Power plant (atomic power plant)- energy is released in the form of
heat which is used to convert water into steam which runs the turbine to produce
electricity
• Elements- uranium and thorium
• A thick concrete wall is constructed around the nuclear reactors, why?
• Advantages: clean, pollution-free, inexhaustible
• Limitation- initial cost is high, any lapse in safety measures can cause
devastation
• Nuclear energy in India- Uranium and thorium in the Monozite sands of Kerala
• The Atomic Nuclear Power programme – two nuclear power station at Tarapur
• Atomic Power Stations in October 1969
Nuclear Power Plants in India
• Rawatbhata (Rajasthan)
• Kalpakkam (Tamil Nadu)
• Narora ( Uttar Pradesh)
• Kakrapar ( Gujarat)
• Kaiga ( Karnataka)
• Jaitapur ( Maharashtra)
• Kudankulam ( Tamil Nadu)
Bio gas
• The animal or plant materials which can be converted into energy-
biomass
• The biomass can be converted into biogas, which is a mixture of gases
produced when microorganisms decompose biomass in the presence of
water but in the absence of air
• Biogas- methane ( 56%) + carbon dioxide ( 40%) + small amount of other
gas
• Good fuel - cooking, lighting homes and streets, pumping water for
irrigation, running flour mills and other rural industries .
• The leftover slurry- manure
Harnessing Biogas
• Organic waste- mixed with water and is led to digester tank
• Organic waste is broken down by microorganisms to produce
biogas
• The biogas is taken out through a tube and is connected to the
kitchen stove
• If the cow dung is the organic waste- gobar gas
• Advantages: cheap, renewable, clean, does not produce smoke
or ash, dispose large amount of waste- environment friendly
• Biogas in India- rural areas in India, individual houses and farms